To save the cost of the fiber grating sensing technology demodulation equipment and broaden the range of its detection application, one heterogeneous fiber grating spectrum separation (HFGPS) method based on transfer matrix and the adaptive algorithm is proposed. First, a theoretical mode of the HFGPS method is introduced. Second, simulation experiment on linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is carried out to obtain the separation effect. After simulation experiment data analyses, relative errors between the separated spectrum signal and the heterogeneous original signal are no >5.29  %  , which occurs at spectrum fringe region of FBG and LCFBG, and the separation algorithm can achieve single wavelength or multiwavelength mixing heterogeneous spectrum efficient separation with high precision. Lastly, the temperature calibration experiment is carried out on FBG temperature sensor and LCFBG to further verify the effect of the HFGPS method. After the temperature experiment data analyses, the result shows that sensitivity relative error of FBG between original and heterogeneous separated is 0.4%, and the HFGPS method can achieve heterogeneous spectrum efficient separation and has small influence on the detection performance of the FBG sensor. All these experiment data confirm that the HFGPS method can achieve effective heterogeneous spectrum separation with high precision and has certain practical application value.