There is growing interest in development of electro-optical systems capable of operation over long atmospheric distances in various atmospheric conditions. Some of these systems include laser communications, remote sensing, active and passive imaging, target tracking and designation and laser beam projection (directed energy) systems. As increasingly sophisticated electro-optical systems are used in the atmosphere, the character of the medium becomes important. Optical turbulence is one of the most important characteristics for propagation through the atmosphere. A single ended experimental setup using the Nd: YAG laser operating at 1064nm is used to study the temporal and spatial variations of refractive index structure parameter Cn2 experimentally. In this paper we present the details of the experimental setup used for the measurement of range resolved refractive index structure parameter Cn2, over a two way slant 4.0 km free space laser path. Some of the results obtained using the experimental setup are presented and discussed.
In recent years weather modification activities are being pursued in many countries through cloud seeding techniques to facilitate the increased and timely precipitation from the clouds. In order to induce and accelerate the precipitation process clouds are artificially seeded with suitable materials like silver iodide, sodium chloride or other hygroscopic materials. The success of cloud seeding can be predicted with confidence if the precipitation process involving aerosol, the ice water balance, water vapor content and size of the seeding material in relation to aerosol in the cloud is monitored in real time and optimized. A project on the enhancement of rain fall through cloud seeding is being implemented jointly with Kerala State Electricity Board Ltd. Trivandrum, Kerala, India at the catchment areas of the reservoir of one of the Hydro electric projects. The dual polarization lidar is being used to monitor and measure the microphysical properties, the extinction coefficient, size distribution and related parameters of the clouds. The lidar makes use of the Mie, Rayleigh and Raman scattering techniques for the various measurement proposed. The measurements with the dual polarization lidar as above are being carried out in real time to obtain the various parameters during cloud seeding operations. In this paper we present the details of the multi-wavelength dual polarization lidar being used and the methodology to monitor the various cloud parameters involved in the precipitation process. The necessary retrieval algorithms for deriving the microphysical properties of clouds, aerosols characteristics and water vapor profiles are incorporated as a software package working under Lab-view for online and off line analysis. Details on the simulation studies and the theoretical model developed in this regard for the optimization of various parameters are discussed.
It is well established that atmospheric aerosol play a vital role both directly and indirectly in the Earth’s radiation budget. The transport of anthropogenic aerosol from the urban locations increases the aerosol loading in the surrounding semi-urban regions. The solid waste disposal in the semi-urban regions also adds up to the total anthropogenic aerosol density in the region. In this study we investigated the aerosol characteristics in the Cheeryal Village (17.51° N, 78.62° E), which is located at a distance of about 20 Km in the suburbs of Hyderabad, India. A multi-wavelength laser radar was developed in-house and made operational at this location about 2 years back. The Nd:YAG laser (M/S Bright Solutions, Italy) based multi-wavelength lidar operates at 532 nm and 1064 nm with a pulse energy of 50uJ at both the wavelengths. The two wavelengths are generated coaxially with a pulse width of 10ns and the laser operates up to a PRF of 4 KHz. The receiver system consists of a 360 mm Newtonian optical telescope, 10 nm of interference filters and the Licel Gmbh, Germany make 250 MHz Photon Counting recorder. Lidar observations are conducted on relatively clear days during the one year period from January 2014 to December 2014. The aerosol extinction profiles are derived and compared with the model values corresponding to the Hyderabad urban region. It is observed that there is a heavy aerosol loading periodically at this location in relation to the sources of anthropogenic aerosols at Hyderabad urban area. The role of prevailing meteorological conditions, measured in real time, on the transport of the urban aerosol to this region is studied.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.