Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with axial and lateral resolution of 1 µm, termed microscopic OCT (mOCT), is suited for the investigation of dynamic processes on cellular level. An improvement in contrast to visualize cellular structures can be achieved by evaluating inherent signal fluctuation. This so-called dynamic contrast was recently demonstrated for the widely used scanning frequency domain OCT (FD-OCT). Here we show comparative measurements of dynamic microscopic OCT (dmOCT) and multiphoton autofluorescence imaging of ex-vivo trachea. Compared to multiphoton microscopy, the dmOCT provides greater penetration depth, can visualize structures that are not detectable by autofluorescence imaging and has no risk of photodamage.
Here we present a forward-looking endoscope for dynamic microscopic OCT reaching a lateral resolution of 1.3 µm and 0.8 mm field of view. Since tissue motion degrades dynamic imaging, tissue was immobilized by suction. The endoscope was placed in a 4 mm stainless-steel sheath, which was connected to a vacuum pump. In mice, the endoscope can access various inner organs using open surgery or laparoscopy. The potential of the dynamic endo-microscopic OCT was demonstrated on relevant murine tissue such as liver, spleen and kidney. Otherwise invisible cellular and subcellular structures were imaged by dynamic mOCT with high contrast.
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