Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) is a surgical method of redirecting excess lymphatic fluid into the venous system to improve the lymphatic flow and prevent the recurrence of edema. In this work, using phantom and human volunteer experiments, we explore the potential of a portable LED-based dual-wavelength photoacoustic imaging system in 3D visualization of human lymphatic vessels and veins when using ICG as a contrast agent. Our results demonstrate that LED-based photoacoustic imaging system used in this study can visualize and separate lymphatic vessels and veins with high spatial resolution, and thus holds potential in guiding LVA procedure.
KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, Veins, Imaging systems, Light emitting diodes, Visualization, Blood, In vivo imaging, Real time imaging, Absorption, Blood vessels, Photoacoustic imaging, Ultrasound real time imaging
Non-invasive in vivo imaging of lymphatic system is of paramount importance for analyzing the functions of lymphatic vessels, and for investigating their contribution to metastasis. Recently, we introduced a multi-wavelength real-time LED-based photoacoustic/ultrasound system (AcousticX). In this work, for the first time, we demonstrate that AcousticX is capable of real-time imaging of human lymphatic system. Results demonstrate the capability of this system to image vascular and lymphatic vessels simultaneously. This could potentially provide detailed information regarding the interconnected roles of lymphatic and vascular systems in various diseases, therefore fostering the growth of therapeutic interventions.
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