With the development of population and economy, the problems of deficit in water resources and degradation in water environment are increasingly serious in the Taihu watershed of China. The information on spatial and temporal availabilities of water will be helpful for the optimum utilization of water resources. In this study, we apply precipitation (P) from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products, evapotranspiration (ET) derived from MODIS data, and ground-observed runoff. Then annual water budgets in the Taihu watershed from 2005 to 2007 and the variation of water budget components in spatial and temporal (monthly and annually) scales were evaluated. The results indicated that ET was the most notable component of water consumption in the watershed. The annual mean ratio of the ET to the precipitation was 0.73 to 0.89 in the watershed and 1.1 to 1.3 in Lake Taihu area from 2005 to 2007. The analysis of water balance in the watershed indicated that the amount of water input and output were approximately equal for the watershed and the lake areas with imbalance percentages of 1.4% to 4.4% and 0.1% to 4.0%, respectively.
Taihu Basin is located in the lower reach of the Yangtze River basin. Recent years, severe pollution in Lake Taihu was
frequently occurred, which need to evaluate overall water balance of the basin. Evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation
are the key elements in water balance estimation that give scientifically sound information on water availability.
Currently, satellite remote sensing is widely used for estimation of these two parameters. In this study, precipitation and
ET from remote sensing and observing runoff are used to estimate annual variations in the water budget of the Taihu
Lake Basin from 2005 to 2007. The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data was applied to estimate
precipitation in spatial and temporal variability of the Taihu Basin. The surface temperature-normalized difference
vegetation index (Ts-NDVI) triangle method with topographic correction was used to estimate ET from MODIS datasets
in this study. Runoff was observed from hydrological station. The ET is the largest consumption in water budget
components over Taihu Basin. For the whole basin, the ratio of ET/Rainfall is about 0.85-0.95 from 2005 to 2007, and it
is about 1.2-1.4 for Lake Taihu. In general, the income terms of water balance in the basin including precipitation and
inflow from Yangtze River should be equal to outgo terms including ET, outflow and water storage. But the income
terms is mostly larger than outgo terms in Taihu Basin, the imbalance percentage is about 0.4-9.6% for the whole basin,
and 0.5-3.7% for Lake Taihu.
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