Polymer materials are preferred to show a high advantage for electrostatic capacitors energy storage and pulsed power applications. In this work, a linear material, aromatic polyurea, has been successfully synthesized by stepwise polycondensation, then films with different isocyanate index of 1.00, 1.03, 1.06 and 1.09 were prepared. The Young’s modulus increases with the increase of isocyanate index, which means that film with higher isocyanate index presents better mechanical property. The dielectric permittivity of samples with isocyanate index of 1.03, 1.06 and 1.09 are 3.72, 3.63, 3.79 respectively, more than 1.5 times high than Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP). Film with isocyanate index of 1.06 presents highest energy storage efficiency because of the complete reaction and lower reaction monomer residual, which can be proved by FTIR and the dielectric loss. At 3000 kV/cm electric filed, sample with isocyanate index of 1.06 still shows a very high energy storage efficiency of 89%. Considering the comprehensive property, polyurea film with isocyanate index of 1.06 is promising for high performance pulse capacitors application.
Recently, microsupercapacitors as the micro-energy devices have attracted widespread attention due to their small size, ease of integration, high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, environmental protection, and maintenance-free features. Furthermore, patterned electrode is critical to realize the fabrication of high-performance planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, we describe a facile polymerization and cost-effective laser treating process for manufacturing reduced graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (rGO/PEDOT) composite network architectures, which can be used for interdigitated planar symmetric MSCs. Firstly, the moderate iron(III) ptoluenesulfonatehexahydrate (Fe(PTS)3·6(H2O)) was dissolved in isopropanol to make oxidant solution under sufficient stirring. Then, the graphene oxide (GO) and EDOT monomer were successively added to the above solution under ultrasonic dispersion for 4 h to form homogeneous GO/PEDOT solution at room temperature, which was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by the spin-coating process. Followed by using laser treating process, the insulating GO was transformed into conductive rGO after about 30 min, and the controllable interdigital rGO/PEDOT composite electrodes were obtained. Subsequently, the all-solid-state planar MSCs employing these interdigitated electrodes with PVA/H3PO4 gel electrolyte are successfully fabricated. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge were used to evaluate the capacitance characteristic of the obtained MSCs, which deliver high specific capacitance of 25.7 F g−1 , energy density of 3.57 mWh g−1 at 5 mW g−1 under the current density of 10 mA g−1 , as well as minor internal resistance. Their excellent capacitance is attributed to the rGO/PEDOT composite network architectures.
Untreated and annealed PVDF films in same crystalline phase were fabricated via different processes, and the effects of annealing treatment on the dielectric properties of PVDF films were studied. It has been found that the annealing treatment eliminates the micro pores in the PVDF films. As a result, the annealing treatment shows to exert strong influence on the relative permittivity and leakage current of PVDF films. Compared with common untreated PVDF film, the annealed PVDF film presents a higher relative permittivity about 8.7 in a 1 kHz electric field and a lower leakage current around 3.04 μA under a 1000 kV/cm electric field. However, the annealing treatment has little effect on the dissipation factor.
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