Nanometer spherical spinel lithium manganates with about 20nm in diameter were
synthesized for the first time by explosive method. The water-solubility explosive
was prepared using a simple facility at room temperature. The growth of lithium
manganate via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of
an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of
the explosive charge. For detonation of the water-solubility explosive, the
detonation pressure, the detonation temperature and the adiabatic gamma were 2-5
GPa, 2000-3000 K and close to 3. The inherent short duration, high heating rate
(1010-1011 K/s) and high cooling rate (108-109 K/s) prevent the lithium
manganate crystallites from growing into larger sizes and induce considerable
lattice distortion.
Nanoproducts spherical spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO) with about 20nm in diameter was synthesized by
explosive method. The growth of lithium manganate via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the
presence of an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge.
The detonation products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission
electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Lithium manganate with spherical morphology and more
uniform secondary particles, with smaller primary particles of diameters from 10 to 30 nm and a variety of morphologies
were found. Lithium manganate with a fine spherical morphology different from that of the normal spinel is formed after
detonation wave treatment due to the very high quenching rate. It might also provide a cheap large-scale synthesis
method. Explosive detonation is strongly nonequilibrium processes, generating a short duration of high pressure and high
temperature. Free metal atoms are first released with the decomposition of explosives, and then theses metal and oxygen
atoms are rearranged, coagulated and finally crystallized into lithium manganate during the expansion of detonation
process.
The growth of Li1+xMn2O4 via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of energetic precursors,
such as the metallic nitrates and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The detonation products were
characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were
used to characterize the products. Li1+xMn2O4 with 1~2μm spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles,
but with smaller primary particles of diameters from 20 to 60 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. The oxides
produced by this cheap method affirmed the validity of detonation synthesis of nano-size powders.
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