We report a phase modulation coherent linear phase demodulation (PM-CLPD) analog photonic link (APL) based on an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). In this work, we mainly focus on the analysis for the impact of different noise sources on the noise floor in particular under different received optical powers. It was found that due to the limited commonmode noise rejection of the balanced detector, an appropriate received optical power should be made of choice in order to prevent the potential dynamic range deterioration. With this scope, experimental investigations have been carried to verify such specified condition at certain system configurations. In addition, to solve the problem of noise deterioration caused by optical amplification in traditional APL, a common optical amplification scheme is incorporated to facilitate the common-mode noise reduction, making the system less sensitive to the extra noise induced deterioration. By taking into account these aspects, an improvement as large as 10dB is demonstrated for the overall system noise floor.
We present a dual-loop composite optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) composed of an acousto-optic frequency shifter based external modulation loop and a piezo based direct modulation loop for the generation of highly coherent swept-frequency fiber laser. It allows offering a larger loop bandwidth and gain, permitting an efficient linearization and coherence enhancement. We have verified experimentally a highly coherent swept-frequency fiber laser with a high fidelity and linearized frequency sweep with sweep range of ~8.2 GHz at ~164 GHz/s sweep rate, accompanied with a peak-to-peak frequency error as low as ~130 kHz. The in-band noise of the coherent beat note has been effective suppressed by almost 60 dB within a loop bandwidth up to ~80 kHz . The proposed linearly swept-frequency fiber laser provides a straightforward optimization of the real-time sweep control and far distance ranging in various scenarios, which is supposed to be a beneficial tool in both industrial and commercial applications.
KEYWORDS: Receivers, Free space optics, Homodyne detection, Hybrid optics, Phase shift keying, Signal attenuation, Satellites, Signal to noise ratio, Polarization, Free space optical communications
We demonstrate influences of the power splitting ratio of the quadrature-arm to the input signal on both receiver sensitivity and residual phase error for a 10-Gb/s binary phase-shift keying coherent receiver based on an optical homodyne Costas loop. Fine adjustment of the signal power splitting ratio (Ks) is realized by tuning the polarization state of the input signal light of a dual-polarization optical 90-deg hybrid, leading to the precise control of the power distribution on two orthogonal states of polarization that are used for in-phase and quadrature arm, respectively. When the phase error is negligible (<10 deg) under different Ks, the sensitivity is improved by 2.65 dB and the Ks is optimized around 0.05. Based on loop bandwidth maintaining, the requirement on laser linewidth is also relaxed, i.e., 5.26 times larger linewidth is permitted at Ks = 0 . 05 than that without loop bandwidth maintaining. To fully utilize the signal light power and to avoid excess losses of the dual-polarization hybrid, homodyne Costas coherent receiver with a free-space optics-based 90-deg hybrid is also proposed. All experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the potential of approaching shot noise limited sensitivity for a Costas coherent receiver with an optimum Ks. It is significant to increase power budget and transmission span for satellite optical communication and free-space optical communication.
We design and experimentally demonstrate a highly efficient coherence transfer based on composite optical phaselocked loop comprising multiple feedback servo loops. The heterodyne offset-locking is achieved by conducting an acousto-optic frequency shifter in combination with the current tuning and the temperature controlling of the semiconductor laser. The adaptation of the composite optical phase-locked loop enables the tight coherence transfer from a frequency comb to a semiconductor laser in a fully dynamic manner.
We demonstrate the coherent detection of 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signal based on a homodyne Costas optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). It demonstrates time misalignment tolerance of +/- 10% of the transmitted RZ-BPSK signal, i.e. -20 to +20 ps between the pulse carver and the phase modulator for 5 Gb/s RZ-BPSK signal, -10 to +10 ps or 10 Gb/s RZ-BPSK signal. Besides, the Costas coherent receiver shows a 2.5 dB sensitivity improvement over conventional 5 Gb/s NRZ-BPSK and a 1.4 dB over 10 Gb/s NRZ-BPSK only at the cost of slightly higher residual phase error. Those merits of sufficient tolerance to misalignment, higher receiver sensitivity, and low residual phase error of RZ-BPSK modulation are beneficial to be applied in free space optical (FSO) communication to achieve higher link budget, longer transmission distance.
We propose a time delay fluctuation measurement method with high precision and wide range. The round-trip time delay fluctuation of a 40 km optical fiber link from the phase of a transmitted 20.02 GHz signal is transferred into the one of an intermediate frequency by using dual heterodyne phase error transfer. It allows a precise measurement of the time delay fluctuation by measuring the phase of the RF signal. Frequency division of the intermediate frequency is applied to realize the wide range of delay fluctuation measurement. The resolution of the measurement can be reached at 27 fs and the range can be 6.25 ns.
We proposed a scheme of optical frequency modulated continuous wave (OFMCW) system based on the polarization diversity heterodyne receiver (PDHR) with a frequency swept distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The adoption of PDHR in OFMCW system successfully reduced the polarization-induced fading and improved the signal to noise ratio (SNR). High-sensitivity OFMCW system is achieved, which has spatial resolution of 1.5 mm for distance of 1.5 km.
We have demonstrated an optical generation of highly stable millimeter-wave signal distribution system, which transfers a 300GHz signal to two remote ends over different optical fiber links for signal stability comparison. The transmission delay variations of each fiber link caused by temperature and mechanical perturbations are compensated by high-precise phase-correction system. The residual phase noise between two remote end signals is detected by dual-heterodyne phase error transfer and reaches -46dBc/Hz at 1 Hz frequency offset from the carrier. The relative instability is 8×10-17 at 1000s averaging time.
Phase error compensation is necessity for high resolution optical frequency modulated continuous wave (OFMCW). In the phase error compensation of OFMCW, the precise measurement of laser source phase is the most significant. In this paper, we proposed a phase-smooth unwrapping algorithm to settle the issue of phase leap over 2π, thus could restore precisely the real phase of laser source, then could compensated the phase error in OFMCW. With that method, OFMCW's resolution could be promoted to 0.5 mm at over 200 m.
Optical frequency domain reflectometry is a suitable and promising measurement technique for optical network components characterization; however its performance is severely limited by sweep nonlinearity of the laser chirp. We demonstrate precise linearization of broadband optical frequency chirp using optoelectronic feedback loop. The sweep rate and the laser chirp shape is locked to and determined by the frequency of a reference electronic signal, an agile, high coherence swept-frequency semiconductor laser source with a bandwidth of 66GHz in 100ms is achieved. The laser source is applied to a coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry; a transform-limited spatial resolution of 1.5mm at a distance of 200 meters is demonstrated.
We demonstrate a stable coherent dual comb generator with two phase/intensity-modulated combs. The optical fiber path induced phase fluctuation results in the coherent dual comb beating phase noise. We transfer this phase noise to a 40MHz intermediate frequency with dual-heterodyne phase error transfer, decreasing by a phase-locked loop and optical phase locked loop. Under the scheme, stable coherent dual comb with slightly different repetition rates and offset frequency is generated.
We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a delay-match sampling method to measure and compensate the laser phase error in optical frequency-domain reflectometry system. By using the error signal extracted from a simple auxiliary Mach-Zehnder interferometer with only a 10-ns delay, the laser phase error is effectively compensated. Considerable improvement is achieved in spatial resolution from 200 m to 7 cm at a measurement distance over 10 times the round-trip laser coherence length.
KEYWORDS: Signal generators, Phase modulation, Frequency combs, Extremely high frequency, Radio optics, Microwave radiation, Modulation, Linear filtering, Modulators, Continuous wave operation
We demonstrated a photonic approach to generate a phase-continuous frequency-linear-chirped millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal with high linearity based on continuous-wave phase modulated optical frequency comb and cascaded interleavers. Through linearly sweeping the frequency of the radio frequency (RF) driving signal, high-order frequency-linear-chirped optical comb lines are generated and then extracted by the cascaded interleavers. By beating the filtered high-order comb lines, center frequency and chirp range multiplied linear-chirp microwave signals are generated. Frequency doubled and quadrupled linear-chirp mm-wave signals of range 48.6 to 52.6 GHz and 97.2 to 105.2 GHz at chirp rates of 133.33 and 266.67 GHz/s are demonstrated with the ±1 st and ±2 nd optical comb lines, respectively, while the RF driving signal is of chirp range 24.3 to 26.3 GHz and chirp time 30 ms.
The scale factor of optic-fiber current sensor is nonlinearized because of the linear birefringence and the imperfection of
quarter wave plate (QWP). In this paper, we analyze the effects of birefringence and show that modified scale factor
performs better by using Faraday rotate mirror (FRM) and harmonic division method. The scale factor error associated
with integrating imperfect quarter wave plate is also analyzed. Moreover, a certain linear birefringence may be helpful to
compensate for deviation of QWP's alignment.
In this work, we use a low-pass filter in the burst-mode receiver between PIN+TIA and LA to optimize the receive bandwidth, and finally to improve the receiver performance of uncooled Reflective-SOA-based WDM-PON significantly. In addition, an extra power budget is earned for further development.
This paper demonstrates bandwidth requirement for optical DPQSK transmitter using one Dual-drive Mach Zehnder
Modulator (DDMZM) for 100Gb/s physical transmission. The result shows that at receiver bandwidth of 40GHz, NRZDQPSK
signal requires 60GHz modulation bandwidth at least, while RZ-DQPSK scheme demands less bandwidth,
about 40GHz for 50% duty cycle RZ-DQPSK signal.
As a special case of continuous phase frequency-shift-keying (FSK), minimum-shift keying (MSK) exhibits some
different properties compared with the traditional optical phase modulation formats, such as return-to-zero (RZ)
differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) and differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK). In this paper, we
investigated the receiver performance degradation caused by laser frequency offset between laser frequency and delay
interferometer (DI) phase, which is found to be the most critical impairment for the receiver performance in a practical
optical phase modulated system. Results show that MSK system is about double times and six times more robust to
frequency offsets than RZ-DPSK and RZ-DQPSK systems operating at the same 10Gb/s bit rate, respectively.
All-optical format conversion from inverse-return-to-zero (inverse-RZ) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) is realized by using a half-bit-delay Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer. Experimental results demonstrate that the converted NRZ signal has better receiver sensitivity than the back-to-back inverse-RZ signal.
In this article optical minimum-shift keying (MSK) modulation format in 9×40 Gbit/s wavelength-division multiplexing
(WDM) spacing of 100 GHz transmission systems is investigated and compared with return-to-zero differential
phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) and return-to-zero (RZ). The performance of optical MSK in presence of amplification
noise, chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects is analytically determined. Operations over a wide range of parameters,
such as span input power, precompensation value, and chromatic dispersion parameter are performed; experimental
results show that optical MSK demonstrates special performance in transmission distance, nonlinear effects, and
dispersion tolerance.
As bandwidth-intensive and time-sensitive streams applications such as high-definition television (HDTV) get popular, there rises a demand of supporting multicast communication directly at optical layer on next-generation optical networks. The multicast-capable optical cross-connect (MC-OXCs) is the necessary device to implement multicasting at optical layer. The functional building blocks for MC-OXC are light splitters (space splitters) or multi-wavelength converters (frequency splitters). The space splitter has no wavelength conversion capability, whereas the frequency splitter has limited fanout, decreased optical signal-to-noise ratio and also is expensive. We therefore proposed a tradeoff architecture called joint multicasting capable optical cross-connect (jMC-OXC) integrating both space splitters and multi-wavelength converters. In this paper, we investigate the network performance and the physical transmission performance on the jMC-OXC architecture by dynamic simulation and experimental demonstration. Three simulation schemes are designed and the results show that the network performance of the jMC-OXCs with limited multi-wavelength converters can obtain a close performance to that with full multi-wavelength converters. A prototype of jMC-OXC is examined and its bit error rate (BER) performance is tested after passing the multi-wavelength converters.
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