In the real-time structured light 3D measurement, there are issues such as low throughput and slow measurement speed in the extraction of light stripe centerline by computer software and hardware processors like ARM. This paper designs a real-time system for extracting the light stripe centerline based on the ZYNQ-7000. Firstly, the thresholding segmentation of light stripe image is implemented by using the Otsu’s method. Secondly, the Gaussian filter is used to remove the effect of noise. Finally, the centerline of light stripe is extracted by using the grayscale gravity method. The image processing algorithm is converted from C++ to Verilog language and packaged into an IP core using the Xilinx HLS tool. This paper successfully processes the input video signal with the spatial resolution of 1920×1080 pixels and displays the extracted centerline of light stripe on the HDMI display at the frame rate of 30 fps. The test results show that the system can meet the real-time requirement for light stripe centerline extraction in the engineering application.
KEYWORDS: Point clouds, Tunable filters, 3D vision, 3D modeling, 3D image processing, Optical filters, 3D acquisition, 3D scanning, Binocular vision, Structured light
The paper focuses on the emerging three-dimensional (3D) vision detection technology using in pavement crack detection, and takes 3D data acquisition, data preprocessing, crack feature extraction and identification as the main lines of idea, then provides a systematic review of 3D vision detection technology development for pavement cracks. Firstly, three commonly used 3D vision imaging techniques for pavement crack detection are analyzed, including measurement principle, measurement steps and technical characteristics. Secondly, 3D point cloud filtering methods are classified and compared. It lays a foundation for subsequent crack feature extraction and crack identification. Finally, the pavement crack detection method based on point cloud data is systematically sorted out. This paper provides reference for relevant researchers and application personnel to comprehensively and systematically understand the 3D vision detection technology of pavement cracks.
The ice cream stick is a kind of wood product with a plane surface. For the qualified stick it has the nearly flat surface. However, due to slender and thin shape the bend defect is prone to occur during machining of ice cream stick. At present, manual technique is often used to identify the bend defect in the industrial fields, which holds many problems such as low efficiency, low automation and unreliable detection result. In the paper, the PCA-based bend feature selection method is proposed which is applied in defect detection of ice cream stick. At first, the 3D data of object surface is obtained based on the three-dimensional (3D) measurement principle of line structured light. Then four kinds of bend features are designed according to the shape characteristics of the light stripe, which include variation coefficient, correlation coefficient, determination coefficient and straightness metric. At last, the bend feature selection is operated based on the PCA-based method. The research results provide valuable reference for the engineering application in the intelligent defect detection.
In order to measure the local phase modulation characteristic of a phase-only reflective Liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) and accurately evaluate the nonuniformity of phase modulation, a Twyman-Green interferometer is built to simultaneously measure the local phase modulation of multi-region in LCSLM. A series of carrier fringe patterns can be captured, which is modulated by the local control pattern loaded to the LCSLM. The phase distribution from all fringe patterns are extracted respectively with the Fourier transform method. By calculating the variance values of all phase values in each pixel position, a phase variance matrix is obtained. Then the regions of interests (ROIs) from the fringe pattern are extracted with the Otsu segmentation algorithm and the connected region labeling algorithm. At last, the phase modulation of local regions is obtained synchronously with the phase-shift algorithm based on Fourier transform method. The proposed method can greatly improve the measuring efficiency and reduce the environmental impact to great degree.
A method based on the local gradient direction information is proposed to locate the center of circular fringe. The new method is developed which based on the idea that the normal directions of any point on the circular fringe are always pointing towards the center. Besides, the local gradient direction of fringe is related to the normal line of fringe. We deduce theoretically the principle of local gradient direction estimation. Then a new circular fringe center location algorithm is developed with the help of digital image processing technology and statistical ideas. The simulation results show that new method can locate accurately the center of different types of circular fringes with less or without filtering. It also holds good robustness and can meet the requirements of actual engineering application.
In the 3D phase measurement with large view field, when the number of fringes is not too many, the period broadening problem of projection fringes will seriously affect the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, an accurate and convenient 3D shape measurement method based on phase shifting fringe projection is prop osed. Firstly, in the fringe projection measurement system based on the triangulation principle, the fringe position coordinates are taken as the input and output parameters of the system, and the linear mathematical model of fringe period correction is de rived. Secondly, the model parameters are obtained by simple calibration process. Through using the idea of reverse fringe projection, the new fringe to be projected is calculated from the correction model, and then periodic four-step phase shifting projection fringes can be produced. Finally, a four-step phase shifting method is used to restore the 3D shape of object. The experiments of fringe period correction and 3D profile measurement show that the proposed method can easily generate the phase-shifting projection fringes with equal period distribution and hence improve the measurement accuracy of phase-shifting method.
In visual detection fields based on line-structured light, the analysis of optical stripe image is a key problem. For the cross-line target image, through measuring the angle between two linear optical stripes the target position or some system’s parameters can be obtained. The traditional technique usually needs many preprocessing steps including image filtering, threshold segmentation, thinning processing and so on. For the images with low signal noise ratio or non-uniform intensity distribution, their application performance will be challenged. Based on the characteristic of translation invariance and rotation synchronization of two-dimensional Fourier transform, the paper combines Fourier transform with polar transform to form new Fourier-polar transform algorithm. It implements the angle measurement in the frequency-domain replaced in the spatial domain. At the same time, to improve the convenient of compute, the polar transform is adopted to calculate the distribution direction of amplitude spectrum energy. The proposed Fourier-polar transform algorithm uses the overall information of the image, and the calculating process is simple and no requirement of image preprocessing. Therefore, it can be applied to measure the angle of cross-line target image in low quality image such as low signal-to-noise ratio or with noise.
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