In this paper, we propose an incremental-based basic unit (BU) level quantization parameter (QP) determination
algorithm for H.264/AVC rate control. Unlike traditional BU level QP computation in existing rate control schemes, the
proposed algorithm does not perform target bit allocation and predict coding complexities. Instead, it exploits bit
increment to directly determine QP for a BU, aiming at reducing the variations of encoding bits used among BUs within
a frame and improve subjective visual quality. To better handle buffer fullness and reduce buffer overflow/ underflow,
we explore an enhanced Proportional-Integral-Derivative buffer controller. In addition, the algorithm can also effectively
intra-code all frames in a video sequence and has low computational complexity making it suitable for real-time
applications. Our experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed algorithm outperforms the rate control algorithm
JVT-W042, adopted in the recent H.264/AVC reference model JM13.2, by achieving accurate rate regulation, reducing
frame skipping, decreasing quality fluctuation, and improving coding quality up to 1 dB.
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