Rare earth doped microstructured fiber (MSF) is an excellent amplification carrier that can be effectively applied to high power fiber lasers. In order to improve the laser performance, it is very meaningful to compare the effects of different processes on the laser performance of rare earth doped core rod materials in rare earth doped microstructured optical fiber preforms. In this paper, the effects of different melting processes on the spectral properties of Yb-doped lithium silicate glass materials were studied. The simulation of the melting process of Yb-doped lithium silicate glass materials under different temperature fields was carried out based on COMSOL Multiphysics. The theory analyzes the causes of the different effects of the material spectrum. Based on the formulation of Yb-doped lithium silicate glass material, the temperature field under high temperature melting process, high temperature melting combined with ring oxyhydrogen flame melting process (referred to as secondary melting) was simulated and the spectral properties of the obtained glass samples were analyzed. The test compares the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the two smelting methods under the same formulation with the temperature field characteristics in the preparation process. The rare earth doped glass material prepared by the secondary melting process has good physical properties, superior spectral performance, and is more suitable for high power fiber. The core amplifying component of the laser - the conclusion of the preparation of rare earth doped microstructured fibers.
Carmine is a widely used food pigment in various food and beverage additives. Excessive consumption of synthetic pigment shall do harm to body seriously. The food is generally associated with a variety of colors. Under the simulation context of various food pigments’ coexistence, we adopted the technology of fluorescence spectroscopy, together with the PSO-SVM algorithm, so that to establish a method for the determination of carmine content in mixed solution. After analyzing the prediction results of PSO-SVM, we collected a bunch of data: the carmine average recovery rate was 100.84%, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for 1.03e-04, 0.999 for the correlation coefficient between the model output and the real value of the forecast. Compared with the prediction results of reverse transmission, the correlation coefficient of PSO-SVM was 2.7% higher, the average recovery rate for 0.6%, and the root mean square error was nearly one order of magnitude lower. According to the analysis results, it can effectively avoid the interference caused by pigment with the combination of the fluorescence spectrum technique and PSO-SVM, accurately determining the content of carmine in mixed solution with an effect better than that of BP.
The on-line float glass thickness measurement system is based on digital image technology. LCCD is employed to
capture a set of images of the delivering glass ribbon in real-time, and accordingly the measured thickness computation
is carried out through the center orientated images. A new method for extracting the central line of the glass thickness
image has been put forward for the blurring edge and distortion of noise problems occurred in the thickness image.
Firstly, Canny algorithm is employed to detect the light-stripe edge precisely. Secondly, an improved barycenter method
is employed to acquire each stripe image center accurately within the edge region. Comparing to other center orientation
algorithms, the improved barycenter method can remove the image noise more effectively. The experiment results
indicate that the extraction precision can be improved to 0.1% and the relative error of the thin glass plates is less than
0.14%, therefore it provides a thickness measurement system in high precision and high stability.
In this paper, a new signal processing method based on Kalman filter is presented for self-mixing displacement sensor. Based on the approximate linearized model of a LD, the robust Kalman filter is designed for an estimation of system parameters and target displacement. The proposed signal processing algorithm increases the resolution well beyond half-wavelength, without any external optical components, preliminary separate measurements, or target surface preparation. Simulation analysis and experiments have been done to illustrate the validity and the effectiveness of the method. These results show that the displacement estimation is good with little noise and the estimated accuracy of about λ/20 is achievable.
A novel fibre-optic methane detection system was proposed, which involved sampled fibre grating and improved
differential absorption detection technique. By this method, near-infrared equal-spaced multi absorption line of methane
was detected simultaneously, and that gas weak absorption detection theory was developed. Using the comb shaped filter
characteristic of sampled fibre grating, R2, R3 and R4 line of molecule absorption spectrum in 2ν 3 overtone band
around 1.66μm was measured at one time. Two sampled fibre gratings of same type were used to fulfill the task of
difference absorption detection. One sampled grating worked as measure grating with its reflection spectrum
corresponding to the absorption line. The other grating worked as reference grating with its reflection spectrum deviate
from that of measure grating to some extent. Chirped fibre grating with its central wavelength around R3 was adopted as
optical band-pass filter. The light power of the three absorption line and the three reference wavelength was detected
alternately by PIN PD at the same time. So that difference absorption detection was achieved. The effect of light source
instability was avoided by ratio treatment. The validity of the system was verified by experiments.
KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Alexandrite, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Semiconductor lasers, Signal detection, Signal to noise ratio, Crystals, Modulation, Signal processing
A kind of fluorescence optic-fiber temperature sensor is devised based on the alexandrite crystal. In this system, a new optic- fiber probe fabrication techniques is proposed. This system is particularly adapted to the temperature measurement in the range of room temperature to 650°C. During the cause of experimentation, using the PLD-PMTR (termed the Pulse Modulated Phase-locked detection with Two References) signal processing scheme. This temperature measurement method is proved to be effective and useful for its highly resolution and precision. It ensured the detected fluorescence signal to noise ratio was high enough to be measurable when the temperature is raised to 650°C.
Roller plays an important role in rolling mill. However, the effective surface of roller is limited. After long time working, the surface of roller will wear. The roller wear will result in difficult controlling of shape and thickness of steel board. Further more, it can lead to the decline of product quality. So the measurement of roller wear is very urgent for rolling mill to ensure their product quality. In this paper, a measurement method for roller wear is introduced in detail. This method offers advantages of sensitivity, immediate response, electromagnetic interference, simplicity and non-contact. It can detect in the atrocious condition on-line and examine roller wear precisely and real time. It is an effective method at low cost instance. The basic principle of this system is optical reflection principle. In the paper, after explaining the principle of this measurement system, an error compensation algorithm is exactly calculated to improve accuracy of this measurement system. This algorithm is brought out to offset the shift of measurement track. And a simulation-software program is compiled with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 based on this principle. By using this simulation-software, the date of I/O signal for this system is gained. And the signal verse is automatically drawn in this software.
A kind of fluorescence optic-fiber sensor is devised based on the crystal fluorescence material. The characteristic of fluorescence material absorption and emission is analysis, and the optic-fiber temperature measurement probe based on LiSrAlF6:Cr3+ is developed. This system is particularly adapted to the temperature measurement in the range of 20°C to 50°C. During the cause of experimentation, this temperature measurement method is proved to be effective and useful for its highly resolution and precision.
A detecting system is developed applying the technologies of fiber-optic sensing, grating dispersion and multi-channel image sensing (Charge Coupled Device) based on the fluorescence mechanism of carbaryl. In this system, a pulsed xenon lamp is used as an excitation light source, optical fibers are selected to transmit and detect fluorescence, fluorescence dispersion is implemented with a small-sized flat field grating spectrometer and data gathering and A/D conversion are conducted with a high speed signal processing module. Moreover, the system is used to measure the fluorescence characteristics of carbaryl. The results show that a full fluorescence spectrum of carbaryl can be obtained in a single exposure under a UV excitation wavelength of 319nm, has a good linear relationship in the range of 4.0~100.0 ng/mL of carbaryl liquor and the minimum detecting limit is 4.0ng/mL with the linear correlation coefficient r being 0.9986. When this instrument is likewise applied for measuring carbaryl in river and ground water,the recovery may approach 100 %.
In this paper, a novel technique is presented to measure temperature and axial displacement of turbine blades simultaneously with a single sensor probe, by using non-contact measurement method. The heat radiation property of high temperature objects and the principle of optical fiber transducers in pyrometry are described. Based on the basic principle of colorimetric measurement, a fiber-optic temperature sensor is selected, in view of its high measurement accuracy and practicability, which is suitable for hostile environments. For dynamic external surface measurement, a new reflective intensity-modulated displacement sensor with a simple and reliable structure is proposed. In this project, the main elements for the sensor, circuit system and single chip ADuC848 are discussed. Especially, a concentric multi-circle fiber bundle is used in the sensor probe, which is designed on the basis of the required temperature measurement range and displacement measurement range.
In this paper, a set of experimental equipment is outlined which is designed to eliminate temperature change influence in stress measurement. A Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is fixed to a specially-structured cantilever, then the load brought to beat at the free end of cantilever. As the load exerted to the cantilever is changed, the stress of FBG changes. From the experiment, we can see that at the beginning of distortion caused by the load, the center wavelength of fiber grating changes, but the chirp effect is not obvious. As the load increases, the spectrum of reflecting peak becomes wider, and
the chirp effect becomes more obvious, then two reflecting peaks appear, and the distance of two center wavelengths increases as linearity. When weights are added to 200g, two center wavelengths are 1548.25nm and 1548.43nm and the distance of them is 0.18nm. Experimental results indicate that the distance of two reflect peaks changes in linear relationship with the increasing of load on the free end of the cantilever, and the linearity is up to 0.96. Using this way to package FBG, the cross-sensitivity of stress and temperature can be conquered, and the error caused by temperature change in stress measurement can be eliminated. Therefore, the stress measurement can be realized by one fiber grating.
With the emergence of the IEEE1451 standard, the development of smart sensor becomes more important to the manufacture of sensor. IEEE1451 standard is a set of standards that were established to address smart sensor systems and to develop a comprehensive set of sensor and software protocols. This standard defines a table of parameters that are held in the EEPROM of the sensors, named Transducer Electronic Datasheet (TEDS). TEDS can store much information of the transducer such as manufacture ID, model number, serial number, version letter, user date and calibration date and so on. In this paper, IEPE accelerometer is adopted as the piezoelectricity sensors in which TEDS is embed. DS2431 1024 bits 1-Wire programmable read-only memorizer is taken as the memorizer of TEDS date. DS9097U 1-Wire COM serial adapter is adopted to connect the 1-Wire device and RS-232 of the PC to transfer date between them. At last, use LabVIEW application to read and write the date of TEDS on the computer. The basic information of sensors can be written into TEDS and also can be changed through LabVIEW application. The main purpose of the development platform is to accomplish the read and write of the TDES data based on the IEEE1451 standard by using LabVIEW application. Then the sensor can be made to be smart, and the main task of the development platform is to compile program to read and write the information of TEDS.
By studying on the output characteristics of random type optical fiber sensor and semicircular type optical fiber sensor, the ratio of the two output signals was used as the output signal of the whole system. Then the measurement range was enlarged, the linearity was improved, and the errors of reflective and absorbent changing of target surface are automatically compensated. Meantime, an optical fiber sensor model of correcting static error based on BP artificial neural network(ANN) is set up. So the intrinsic errors such as effects of fluctuations in the light, circuit excursion, the intensity losses in the fiber lines and the additional losses in the receiving fiber caused by bends are eliminated. By discussing in theory and experiment, the error of nonlinear is 2.9%, the measuring range reaches to 5-6mm and the relative accuracy is 2%.And this sensor has such characteristics as no electromagnetic interference, simple construction, high sensitivity, good accuracy and stability. Also the multi-point sensor system can be used to on-line and non-touch monitor in working locales.
A nanometer range displacement measurement system is presented where a reciprocal interferometer is employed whose configuration is similar to Michelson interferometer. Although the reciprocal interferometer is very simple and insensitive to environmental perturbations, we concluded that the spectrum analysis techniques could also be used to process the interference fringes and increase the measurement precision of reciprocal interferometry. Fast-Fourier transform and filter are used to eliminate the noises in fringes. The reconstructed fringes are very clear, which location can be measured accurately. Theoretical analysis is presented. Experimentally, the displacement of a nanopositioner-driven target was measured by using a reciprocal interferometer, a CCD camera, picture card and computer. The system has demonstrated a minimum resolution is 1.5 nm when the number of sample point is 512.
We report our research on the development of optical fiber trace gas sensors for environmental applications. A novel optical fiber sensor for monitoring acetylene (C2H2) gases is described. Through studying the measure theory, we use the Beer-Lambert law to monitor the gas. And after analyzing the C2H2 spectrum, we select Distributed Feedback Laser Diode (DFB LD) as light source. Comparing many kinds’ sensor detection head, the gas absorbing cell with tail fiber can have good coupling with optical fiber and improve the coupling stability. In the data processing system, signals are distilled by lock-in amplifiers and then harmonic measure technology processes that distilled faint signals. After the all, the electronic signals are transmitted into computer to process, alarm and display. We design the instrument who can remote and on-line measuring acetylene. Through theory analysis and system experiment, the design of the system is practicable, and has a better precision and some apply foreground.
At present, many floater-type measurement equipments whose readings are recorded by manpower are still in use in petrol-chemical industries. With regard to their low efficiency, great errors and their improbability in realization in automation management and remote control, in this instance, a new liquid-level meter system using the advanced fiber-optic sensing technology based on the floater-type level meter is developed. In principle, it measures the liquid level of the oil tank by using the principle of force balance, captures and transmits the light signals by means of the fiber-optic sensing technology, adjusts the light signals from continuous impulse signals to the discontinuous by the light-code disc, then converts light impulses into voltage impulses by photoelectric elements. In configuration, it adopts a twin light source and a twin optical-channel, utilizes twin fiber detectors to record the size of the liquid level and judge the direction of the liquid level respectively. Moreover, the measuring system has been tested practically in a chemical plant, the results indicate that the measuring errors are Less than or equal to ±6mm, relative errors are <2% when its measuring range is within 0 and 1000mm.It is proved that the various indexes of the system satisfies the demand of the industries and the capability is credible.
With the rapid development of the electric power projects and electrization of industrial corporations, more and more transformers have been used. When in operation, the real time supervision of Transformer Fault is very important to the secure operation of transformer. The Infrared imaging techniques played an important role in Fault diagnosing for transformer. The infrared imaging technique based on infrared radiation knowledge, by using this technique, the Fault modes of Power transform as well as the application of infrared imaging on Power transformer were studied. Then a series of practical engineering problems, such as the image shaping principle of infrared laser device, the utilizing of infrared laser device in power transformer fault diagnosis, the working procedure in real field operation, the acquiring of heat spectrum from fault transformer in field test, the analyzing of heat image spectrum etc, were considered and overcame. Finally, an example was presented by using the studied infrared heat imaging technique to diagnose the primary transformer at Baitaling substation. The results are closely according with the real situation.
KEYWORDS: Gases, Sensors, Signal processing, Ultraviolet radiation, Toxic gases, Explosives, Combustion, Signal detection, Amplifiers, Digital signal processing
With the increase of the living standards of city dwellers, home decoration has been more and more popular these years. Different kinds of material have come into people's home, which brings about beauties to the house as well as some bad effect. Because of differences in manufacturing techniques and quality, much of the material will emit poisonous gases more or less. Even if you have selected the qualified product, the toal amount of gases in you houses may not be guaranteed because of the simple reason that more than one kind of material are applied. Living in the complex environment for a long time will eventually have a bad effect on one's health. In addition the fear of the harm to be done will exert great impact psychologically. In another aspect, the coal-gas in the house-hood for cooking is also explosive and poisonous. In conclusion, the research on the indoor hazardous gases measurement and alarm device is of much economic and practical importance. The device is portable and versatile. We use rechargeable battery as the power supply. The device can detect the density of gases at the ppb level for the emission of the material and the measured value can be shown on the display. As for coal gas it can detect the percentage of LEL and make sound of alarm. We use two kinds of gas-sensors in the device, with catalytic combustion principal for coal gas detection and the PID method for the gas emissions of the decoration material. UV will destroy harmful material (such as: ammonia, dimethylamine, methyl-sulfhydrate, benzene etc.) into positive or negative ions. The sensor detects the electric charges of ionized gases and converts them into electric current signals. It is then amplified and changed into digits by amplifier and A/D. The digit signal is processed by micro-controller system of the device.
This article introduces whole framework of on-line detection of micro-water in transformer oil. It expatiates principium, method and detection process of collection, analysis and identify of signal. Basing on a great deal of examination researches, online expert detection system of micro-water in transformer oil is brought forward. The system is fuzzy neural network (FNN). This principium of FNN mode identifies could realize on-line detection content of micro-water in transformer and avoid foundation of non-line mathematic model. As well as the system could reduce error of measure and its result much more accord with practice data. So the FNN system has a great future in application.
KEYWORDS: Interference (communication), Wavelets, Signal processing, Temperature metrology, Optical fibers, Temperature sensors, Light scattering, Scattering, Signal detection, Modulation
Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor system can sense the temperature changes along the optical fiber by the continuous form of distance. For the characteristics of insulation and resistance to electromagnetic interference, it has a wide using prospect in the field of petroleum and gas pipeline, tunnel and mine. The distributed temperature measurement is realized by using single channel anti-Stokes light, and the temperature and space resolution of the system can be assured. But the anti-Stokes signal will be submerged by noise because of the weakness of anti-Stokes light signal, the loss of scattering light and the system noise. In order to reduce the influence of various noises in distributed temperature measurement, the method of increasing the times of signal accumulating is used to increase temperature resolution. But this will lengthen the period of temperature measurement and influence the practical application of the system. By using the multi-resolution analysis of Wavelet to handle the distributed temperature signal, we can shorten the period of temperature measurement and enhance the response speed of system on the basis of the assurance of time and space resolutions.
As a developing novel technology recently distributed optic fiber temperature sensor has received considerable attentions. By optic fiber back spontaneity Raman dispersion phenomenon and OTDR theory, the system works. In this paper Rayleigh scattering curve demodulating anti-Stokes Raman scattering curve instead of traditional demodulation to mend SNR is adopted. And because of the differences of the two back dispersion parameter, wastage parameter and so on, signal groups grow indistinct by any demodulation method. Therefore, it is necessary for us to dispose micro-signal.
This paper described the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system based on Brillouin amplifier structure, which combined Brillouin amplifier effect with optical time domain reflection(OTDR). With the relationship of temperature and stimulated Brillouin frequency shift, we can obtain the temperature on each point. Based on this principle, some experiments were taken, then the linear relationship and experimental data were given, which provided powerful foundation for future research.
KEYWORDS: Digital signal processing, Luminescence, Phase shift keying, Sensors, Signal processing, Fiber optics sensors, Fiber optics, Temperature sensors, Modulation, Control systems
The monitoring of the fluorescence lifetime of selected materials has been one of the more successful schemes in optical fiber temperature sensing. In principle, both the rise of the fluorescent signal at constant excitation and its decay are described by a first-order exponential, where the time constant ? is a function of the temperature. However few corrections must be introduced to account for instrumental contributions resulting in a baseline offset B, noise and radiation leakage from the excitation source into the detection channel. These corrections can be better applied by means of a digital signal processing circuit. The system uses modified digital phase sensitive detection with phase locked to a fixed value and the modulation period tracking the measured lifetime. It can compensate for correlated and uncorrelated offsets of the decay signal and to work with very low signal-to-noise ratio. The test results give a typical resolution of 0. 1 % for decay. Such a system has been applied to measuring the fluorescence decay time of a chromium-doped YAG crystal used as s sensing element of a optical fiber thermometer The calibration of the thermometer has shown a temperature resolution of 0. 1 0C from OC to 100 0C.
Real-time detecting of the fault gas dissolved in the transformer oil is very important to the safe operation of the transformer. The traditional measuring method, that is chromatogram method, has many shortcomings, such as complicated operating, long analysis period, etc. The article adopted the spectrum absorption method to realize highly sensitive, on-line, remote measuring the main fault gas in the transformer oil, obtained the purpose of watching the transformer's work condition. It was a novel optical fiber sensor. This method offered high selectivity, long life, no influence of surroundings gases, no electric induction and so on. It is adapted to be used in the foul and hazardous environment. Fiber detecting will be realized on the base of separating the gas dissolved in the transformer oil. So the key technology is how to separate the fault gas from the transformer oil. Experiment indicates that polyflon membrane is an excellent medium for the main fault gas (CH4) permeation. A measuring method under unbalanced state based on equal time interval sampling is proposed. It not only decreases the difficulty in designing the gas cell, but also increases the real-time of measurement.
novel handy oil tank liquid level measuring system with optically powered is presented. To realize handy and simple structure, optical powered and micro- consumption detection, the system has taken the PWMIPPM modulation, time division multiplexing (ThM), ratio measurement and pulse width division multiplexing techniques. So, the multiple parameters measurement driven by optical power and transmitted by single optical fiber is also realized. This new transducer has provided with high characteristics: experimental transmitting distance is 500m; total power consumption of the probes is less than 150uw; measurement error: ±0.10( in the measured temperature range of —20-50C) and ±0.04KPa(in the measured pressure range of 0-100Kpa). The measurement accuracy of the liquid level and reserves is mainly determined by the pressure accuracy.
Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor use the principle of temperature effect of spontaneous Raman scattering in fiber and optical domain time reflection (OTDR) to detect the temperature field in space and its changing with time. It can sense the temperature changes along the fiber length by the continuous form of distance in a fiber of several kilometers length. Theoretically, the minimal discernible space length of fiber in the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor system is proportional to the width of incident light pulse, that is, the narrower the width of incident light pulse, the higher the space resolution of fiber. The width, power and edge quality of incident light pulse can directly influence the space and temperature resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system. This paper focused on the optimum design of light pulse producing based on the use of LD light source. A high power light pulse of narrower width is produced by designing reasonable circuit of increasing voltage, discharging control and making full use of LD, which makes sure to improve the space and temperature resolution of the system.
This paper describes an efficient method for in-situ measurement of chlorophyll-a concentration in the seawater with fluorescence method and optical fiber techniques. The instrument uses the pulsed xenon lamp as the excited light resources. Both the exciting light and the fluorescence from algae chlorophyll-a are transmitted along two fiber bundles. The fluorescent signal is detected by using the relevant pulsed detecting technology. The minimal detecting concentration of chlorophyll-a in the ocean can reach 1x10-5mg/cm3. The system has advantages of simple structure, passive sensor head and high sensitivity. The experimental results show that this measurement method is realizable.
This paper presents a monitoring temperature system in real time. The fluoroptic temperature could be detected quantitatively by the signals of PSD. When the optical fiber is 2 m long, the real-time temperature sensitivity is 0.1 degrees Celsius and the accuracy is 1%. The high sensitivity and high accuracy are partly due to the operation of the light source feedback, and partly due to the ratio of measurement and reference signals. This fluorescence temperature measuring system finds wide application fields where conventional techniques either cannot be used, or have proven to be unsatisfactory. It is especially useful for measurements in electrically hostile environments.
The distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system based on the Raman back scattering has been widely used. By using the optical time domain reflection (OTDR) technique, the high intensity light pulse is coupled into optical fiber. By detecting and recording the variation of back scattering signal related to optical fiber temperature along with the time, the distribution measurement of environmental temperature is carried out. In order to ensure a certain intensity of the light pulse, it must have a certain width. In the meanwhile, the responding rate of the photoelectric components and the bandwidth of the digital collection systems cause the reduction of the space resolution. The signal coupling brought by the pulse width can be reduced and the space resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system can be improved by using self-adaptive wavelet nerve network which has a stronger ability of function approach and tolerant fault to process the data.
An all-optical remote methane sensing system was developed. It combines long and low-loss optical fiber link with high radiant InGaAsP diodes and an interference light filter. The high sensitive technique is achieved by using the differential absorption method in the system. Based on the laboratory study of the v2 + 2v3 overtone band of CH4 molecules at 1.33 micrometer, the system is used for remote detection in real time of low level gas. A methane monitor can detect concentration as low as 0.2%. The maximum is up to 100%.
In this paper an electron-optic current transformer (CT) is described which is used in measuring the super-voltage station's line current. The measurement system uses a conventional CT as the sensing probe whose electronics is optically powered. The paper describes the principle of measurement system, including the system design, optically powered sensing probe, the data link, measurement signal processing and result showing current measurement by means of CT.
In this paper, a practical optically powered hydrostatic tank gauging system with optical fiber is presented. It combines the advantages of optical fibers with the micro power consumption sensor. Two multimode fibers are connected between the readout and the sensor, so it has external optical attributes. Optical energy transmitted from the readout is converted to electricity at the sensor. Digital data from the sensor is transmitted over the fiber to the readout. The parameters measured include the liquid level. the interface between water and oil, the tank storage.The paper gives results measured above parameters by means of the semiconductor strain gauges.
The influences of point defects, dislocations, and precipitates on the lattice parameter of undoped semi- insulating GaAs single crystals were analyzed. It was shown that dislocations in such crystals serve as effective gettering sites for As interstitials due to the deformation energy of dislocations. The lattice parameters of these dislocated regions remain relatively constant due to the counterbalance between lattice compression and dilation around the dislocation. Regions away from dislocations show a linear dependence of lattice parameter with As interstitial concentration. Measurements of the lattice parameter in these latter regions by the nondestructive measurement of stoichiometry technique can be used to determine As interstitial concentrations. The nonuniformity in semi-insulating GaAs results in the variation in the threshold voltages of corresponding devices.
A new type of optical fiber pressure sensor is introduced in this paper. The ratio measurement by means of the sensing optical fiber and the reference fiber with different beginning positions and the technique to improve the stability of the sensor are first discussed. Then the ability to restrain and compensate the interference of the same nature through the double channel ratio measurement is illustrated. Finally, the performance of sensor and its engineering design are discussed.
The study on trichromatic optical fiber radiation thermometers is especially useful for the non- contact accurate temperature measurement of those materials with the emissivities changing dramatically with wavelength. On the basis of the trichromatic thermometry principle, the operation wavelengths of the thermometer are selected properly so as to compensate the emissivity's influence on measurement result effectively. Using 1 X 3 branching fiber coupler and narrow band filter significantly improves the instrument's reliability. The instrument is self-calibrated, multi-functional and easy to use due to the embodied microcontroller and some other techniques.
An optically powered sensor for measuring pressure which linked by optical fiber is developed in a new scheme. Its pulse position modulation (PPM) optical signal and optical supply power for electronics in probe are transmitted to and fro via a single optical fiber. The optical power is carried by a laser diode (LD) source with 1300 nm wavelength and the sensing data are carried by LED 850 nm source. The remote probe uses all CMOS chips and particular modulations (PPM and PWM). Its electrical consumption including signal manipulation and LED driven current from optical conversion is less than 100 (mu) W. The laser diode supplies 5 mW of optical power into the fiber. An advanced photodetector converts sufficiently the section of this power into electrical power to drive the whole probe operation. The optically powered distance gets up to 500 m. The novel sensor combines advanced optical fiber and electronics technology into a system. It continuously measures pressure in real time. Because of using the principle of ratio measurement between mesurand and reference signals, as well as light feedback for light source stability, the system is available with high reliability, outstanding accuracy, and repeatability.
An optically powered thermistor transducer for measuring temperature is introduced. Both signal and supply power are transmitted by optical fiber in opposite directions between probe and main frame. The probe, which includes measuring and light transmission circuits, consumes only about 27.5 (mu) W, because it uses all CMOS chips and a special modulation scheme to reduce its electrical consumption. If LED is used as the power source and plastic optical fiber ((phi) equals 1 mm) as power transmission, the optically powered distance is less than one m. If SD as optical source and silicon optical fiber ((phi) equals 0.2 mm) as power transmission are to be used, the powered distance can get up to several hundred meters.
A new pyrometer has been developed for solving the affection of radiant emittance change in temperature measuring. The mathematical model of the new optical fiber pyrometer is presented, the errors of the new pyrometer are analyzed, and the experimental results are given. The pyrometer is capable of high accuracy and radiant emittance correction.
A practical fiber microbend measurement instrument and methods for fluid level are proposed in this paper. The principle of the two signals ratio measurement is introduced. The techniques of light feedback and phase-sensitive demodulation are used to stabilize the light source. Improvement in drift, noise, high reliability and long-term stability by means of taking these methods are also discussed.
A new two-color ratio pyrometer with optical fiber and its microcomputer signal processing system are introduced. A design method for an optical fiber system for temperature measurement make it cost functional. Experimental results and antiperturbations of the sensing probe are also presented.
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