We propose a reconfigurable elastic metasurface composed of an array of zigzag-base folded sheets with parallel corrugations to control the wavefront of the refracted flexural wave. The desired phase gradient is achieved by tailoring the folding angle of sheets and the thickness of each metasurface unit. By exploiting the dynamic properties of zigzag-base folded sheets, the reconfigurable metasurface can achieve different wavefront functions depending on the folding angle. We present a wave-focusing metasurface that can localize the flexural wave in the transmitted region at different values of the folding angle. In addition, the refracted wave can be steered in different directions by only folding the metasurface.
Recently, acoustic/elastic metasurfaces have gained increasing research interests due to their ability to control waves with compact and lightweight structures. A metasurface is a thin layer in the host medium composed of an array of subwavelength-scaled patterns, which introduces an abrupt phase shift in the wave propagation path and tailors wavefront based on generalized Snell’s law. The existing metasurfaces mainly depend on the linear dynamic behavior of the structures, while their nonlinear features have not been studied extensively. A couple recent attempts have shown means of introducing nonlinearity in acoustic metasurface designs, resulting in nonlinear effects such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). However, these studies mainly focus on generating and maximizing the higher-order harmonics, while the phase modulation and wavefront tailoring capability are less explored. Our study advances the state of the art and proposes a novel acoustic metasurface design with locally resonant nonlinear elements in the form of curved beams. We explore the nonlinear phenomenon, specifically SHG, of the proposed system using both analytical and numerical frameworks. Our results show that the proposed nonlinear metasurface can achieve SHG in the transmitted acoustic wavefield, and simultaneously demultiplex for different frequency components (i.e., split the second-harmonic component from the fundamental frequency component) by steering them into different directions. This study presents new theoretical and numerical platforms to explore the amplitude-dependent behavior of acoustic metasurfaces, expands their wavefront tailoring capabilities and functionalities, and develops new potentials towards efficient technologies to manipulate acoustic waves.
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