A 3D printed heart chamber phantom was developed to work combined with other commercially available phantom kit. Based on CT image combined with traditional phantom and anatomic structures, the 3D model was generated and input for printing with selected materials. The 3D printed phantom could realize multi-dimensional motion and deformation similarity, improved HU behavior as contrast enhanced tissue mimic, biological closed anthropomorphic structure including cardiac chambers and coronary arteries with contrast agents, as well as inserts for anatomic or functional abnormalities simulation. With those properties the proposed 3D printed phantom could potentially be used for either CCTA imaging performance or CCTA scan strategy verifications combined with scanner and patient properties.
Subjective reading is still the majority way in current medical image diagnostics, and the visualization effect of images is one important factor which may affect the reading performance or diagnostic quality. In computed tomography (CT), CT numbers are converted into greyscale images by the display window settings. Therefore, settings of display window width and window level significantly influence the image visibility, and the object detectability could be enhanced with appropriate display window settings. In this study, we propose a new idea that the window settings can be automatically adjusted based on greyscale-based contrast-to-noise ratio, which takes into account the effect of the window settings on image quality. With optimized window settings, the greyscale-based image contrast is enhanced and reading performance is improved.
Subjective reading is still the majority way in current medical image diagnostics, and the image visualization effect to the observer is very important for the reading performance. And the display window settings play the significant role on the display quality of CT images. To improve the greyscale-based image contrast detectability, we propose a new idea that the window settings can be automatically adjusted in accordance with human visual properties. With the optimized window settings, the greyscalebased image contrast is enhanced, reading performance is improved by maximizing the visibility of targeting objects which the observer focusing on, and image impression is maintained as some level of consistency.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Optical coherence tomography, Angiography, Arteries, 3D image processing, Protactinium, Image fusion, In vivo imaging, Hemodynamics, Image segmentation
The implantation of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) alters the local hemodynamic environment. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows evaluation of local flow pattern, shear stress (SS) and Pressure_distal/ Pressure_approximal (Pd/Pa). The accuracy of CFD results relies to a great extent on the reconstruction of the 3D geometrical model. The aim of this study was to develop a new approach for in vivo reconstruction of coronary tree and BRS by fusion of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and X-ray angiography. Ten patients enrolled in the BIFSORB pilot study with BRS implanted in coronary bifurcations were included for analysis. All patients underwent OCT of the target vessel after BRS implantation in the main vessel. Coronary 3D reconstruction was performed creating two geometrical models: one was angiography model and the other was OCT model with the implanted BRS. CFD analysis was performed separately on these two models. The main vessel was divided into portions of 0.15 mm length and 0.15mm arc width for point-perpoint comparison of SS between the two models. Reconstruction of the implanted BRS in naturally bent shape was successful in all cases. SS was compared in the matched 205463 portions of the two models. The divergence of shear stress was higher in the OCT model (mean±SD: 2.27 ± 3.95 Pa, maximum: 142.48 Pa) than that in the angiography model (mean±SD: 2.05 ± 3.12 Pa, maximum: 83.63 Pa). Pd/Pa values were lower in the OCT model than in the angiography model for both main vessels and side branches (mean±SD: 0.979 ± 0.009 versus 0.984 ± 0.011, and 0.951 ± 0.068 versus 0.966 ± 0.051). Reconstruction of BRS in naturally bent shape after implantation is feasible. It allows detailed analysis of local flow pattern, including shear stress and Pd/Pa in vivo.
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