Compressive light field (CLF) is a promising light field display technology, and the traditional multiplicative CLF limits the number of layers due to the low transmittance of liquid crystals, which results in a small depth of field. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-dimensional display structure with a hybrid CLF. This structure utilizes a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to superimpose two sets of multiplicative CLFs, each of which consists of two identical liquid crystal displays and a uniform backlight. The hybrid CLF has a greater depth of field and higher brightness, further improving image quality. Due to the properties of the hybrid CLF structure and the non-negative tensor (NTF) decomposition algorithm, the reconstructed image can suffer from layered image crosstalk, which leads to image quality degradation. We propose a method to reduce the hybrid CLF layered image crosstalk, and we validate the proposed method through computer simulations and optical experiments.
As we all know, the traditional compressed light field 3D display technology has the problems of limited 3D depth of field and low display brightness. In this paper, a hybrid compressed light field device based on polarization multiplexing is proposed, which combines multiplicative and superimposed compressed light field 3D display to improve the light intensity perceived by human eyes and enlarge the depth of field. In addition, when using high-brightness mini-leds, noise can appear at the edges of the reconstructed image. This is because non-negative tensor matrix (NTF) algorithm adopts hierarchical iteration, which is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, resulting in poor optimization effect of the edge part and noise. Then we introduce the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm which can better improve the problem of edge noise because all spatial light modulator pixel values are updated at the same time in the iteration process. In terms of perception indicators, NTF uses the mean square error coefficient, which cannot account for many nuances of human perception, resulting in iterative results that sometimes do not conform to the subjective perception of human eyes. In contrast, the loss function of SGD can be self-defined. This paper introduces the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity, which is more in line with human perception. Through simulation and experiments, we verify the advantages of the proposed device and the effectiveness of the corresponding optimization algorithm.
Our several recent works on holographic retinal projection display (RPD) are introduced here. First, a lensless dynamic full-color holographic RPD with horizontal eyebox expansion using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) was demonstrated.Secondly, we propose to efficiently extend the eyebox of holographic Maxwellian near-eye display by encoding the conjugate wavefront as the multiplication of plane wave phase with the target image. Thirdly, a holographic super multi-view (SMV) RPD is proposed to provide depth cues for a monocular vision.Fourthly, a multi-channel holographic RPD was proposed, which can provide multi-channel image sources simultaneously, thus greatly increasing the information content.The proposed method provides a good prospect that the future AR glasses can play dozens of video channels in parallel, and the user can switch among channels freely and efficiently just through a simple eye rotation.
ulti-channel acousto-optic modulator is an acousto-optical device with multiple transducers modulated in parallel, which main applications are in microfabrication and direct writing lithography. Crosstalk has been a key problem in multi-channel acousto-optical devices due to the proximity of the channels and the diffraction of the acoustic waves. Acoustic crosstalk is caused by a certain dispersion angle of the sound beam in the process of spatial propagation, resulting in the sound field of the acousto-optical action medium in a certain propagation distance overlap. Ultrasonic transducer is an important element of the sound energy emission, which generates sound waves through the inverse piezoelectric effect. The shape of the electrodes on the transducer controls the area where the piezoelectric crystal vibrates, further affecting the distribution of the sound field. Therefore, the shape of the electrodes can be changed to improve the collimation of the acoustic beam and thus effectively reduce the acoustic crosstalk problem between channels. Rectangular electrodes are used by most conventional multi-channel acousto-optic modulator. The rectangular electrodes have more acoustic field side lobes, which can cause acoustic crosstalk between sensors and thus affect the quality of the diffracted beam. In this paper, crossed trapezoid array electrodes shape is proposed, for improving the crosstalk problem of multi-channel acousto-optical devices. From the spectral analysis, the crossed trapezoid array electrodes can effectively suppress the side lobes of the acoustic field and improve the collimation of the beam, thus reducing the acoustic beam crosstalk between channels. Simulation and experiments show that multi-channel acousto- optic modulator with crossed trapezoid array electrodes can effectively solve the acoustic beam crosstalk problem between channels and enhance the performance of multi-channel acousto-optic devices.
Head-up displays(HUDs) are used to integrate assistance information with realistic road information to improve driving safety. The current HUDs generally present the virtual image at a near fixed distance. When the drivers’ vision focus on a far distance to observe the road conditions, they need to zoom back to see the virtual image, which may causes accidents. In this paper, we designed a color holographic HUD, it can flexibly produce color image at any depth to adapt to the conditions need. Another issue of current HUD is the small eyebox caused by the limited spatial bandwidth product (SBP) of spatial light modulator (SLM). To expand the eyebox, a folding optical path module consisting of trans-reflective mirrors and reflective mirrors is designed. The folding optical path module has two functions. Firstly, it duplicates wavefront Liquid crystal on silicon(LCOS) into two sub-wavefront path to expand the eyebox by two times. Secondly, it makes it possible to observe a clear virtual image of the same depth by controlling the optical path. The feasibility of this system was demonstrated through experiments.
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have been widely used to realize beam shaping. However, the speckle noise always appears in the reshaped beam, which induces beam quality degradation. We proposed a regional padding algorithm based on the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm to implement speckle-reduced beam shaping. A variable region is set in the DOE to iterate and optimize the phase of each part DOE. Zero padding is used around the DOE to decrease the sampling interval on the output plane. When the region expands and padded value reduction is controlled slowly, more sampling points on the output plane can be optimized effectively and suppress speckle noise. Numerical simulations and optical experiments have been performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Recently, the development of augmented reality (AR)/ virtual reality (VR) has brought new life to holographic display. Holographic Maxwellian display technology, also known as holographic retinal projection display (RPD), is considered as a promising AR near-eye display technology. It can provide consistently sharp two-dimensional images within a range of depth of field without being affected by human eye focusing. Several recent works of holographic Maxwellian near- eye display are introduced. Firstly, we have proposed a hybrid holographic Maxwellian near-eye display based on spherical wave and plane wave reconstruction to extend the depth of field. Secondly, we have proposed a lensless full- color holographic Maxwellian near-eye display with horizontal eyebox expansion using a single spatial light modulator (SLM). Thirdly, we have proposed a conjugate wavefront encoding method to efficiently expand the eyebox for the holographic Maxwellian near-eye display.
A facial method was used to enhance the dynamic response of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel tunable lenticular microlens array (LMA). The response time could be reduced using a discontinuous hydrophobic layer-modified electrode substrate due to a decrease in friction between the substrate surface and PVC gel. The application of DC voltage (V = − 45 V) to LMA induced a response time <240 ms. The proposed PVC gel LMA looks promising for use in image processing and two/three-dimensional switchable displays due to its fast-dynamic response, good stability, compact structure, and easy fabrication.
Several recent works for improving the performance of integral imaging based HS are introduced. Firstly, we have proposed a resolution-enhanced integral imaging II-based HS using the moving array lenslet technique (MALT). On this basis, we have proposed two improved methods. Secondly, we have proposed the concept of resolution priority HS (RPHS) for the first time, which is based on the principle of resolution priority II, by adding a quadratic phase term on the conventional Fourier transform. Finally, a simple and fast algorithm for computer-generated hologram (CGH) based on pinhole-type II using a look-up table was proposed.
With the development of ultra-high definition television (UHDTV), an effective gamut mapping algorithm (GMA) from high-definition television (HDTV) to UHDTV is vital. In this paper, we propose a hue-preserved GMA in the CIELCH color space. To balance the restriction between the color difference and the utilization rate of gamut, a mapping method based on barycenter transformation is used. With this algorithm, the color signals for HDTV can be applicable to UHDTV and the image quality can be improved significantly.
In this paper, a laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) system using light field (LF) microscope approach is proposed. As far as we known, it is first time to combine LSCI with LF. To verify this idea, a prototype consists of a modified LF microscope imaging system and an experimental device was built. A commercially used Lytro camera was modified for microscope imaging. Hollow glass tubes with different depth fixed in glass dish were used to simulate the vessels in brain and test the performance of the system. Compared with conventional LSCI, three new functions can be realized by using our system, which include refocusing, extending the depth of field (DOF) and gathering 3D information. Experiments show that the principle is feasible and the proposed system works well.
A thin and lensless two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) convertible display based on integral imaging using an edge-lit light guide plate (LGP) is proposed with improved optical efficiency. The proposed system is composed of a general flat backlight and an edge-lit LGP which is commonly used in the backlight of LCD and a LC panel. The edge lit LGP is a waveguide (an acrylic sheet) that is drilled by laser to form a diffuser dot array at the bottom and edge illuminated with LEDs. Light from the LEDs is channeled through the waveguide to the opposite side except where it encounters the diffuser dots, which scatter light and cause bright spots to appear. A point light source array for 3D mode is created then. A general flat backlight behind the transparent LGP is turned on for 2D mode meanwhile edge-lit light is turned off. The 2D and the 3D display modes can be simply modulated by turning on different light source. The explanation of the proposed system is provided and the experimental results are also presented.
In this paper, the relationship between the spatial coherence of light field and the speckle contrast in a laser based projection display system is studied under the consideration of human visual percept. By using a varifocal liquid-crystal lens and a monochromatic CCD, a system which is used for simulating the human eye is set up to record the speckle pattern. An efficient method for controlling the spatial coherence by using a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is proposed. The results show that the total efficiency for energy utilization is more than 60% during our experiment. When the distance between the observer and the screen is large enough (<3 meters), the speckle contrast can be eliminated well at last (<4%) and the observer won’t feel the speckle phenomenon.
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