This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9809, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Authors, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

We present the experimental and numerical study of the transverse profile for a beam obtained by the screen-edge diffraction of optical-vortex (OV) Kummer beams with topological charges 1, 2 and 3, generated with the help of a “fork” hologram. The main results concern the behavior of the secondary OVs formed in the diffracted beam due to splitting of the incident multicharged OV into a set of single-charged ones. When the screen edge moves across the incident beam, OVs in every cross section of the diffracted beam describe complicated spiral-like trajectories, which distinctly manifests the screw-like nature and the energy circulation in the OV beam. At certain conditions, positions of the separate OVs as well as their mutual configuration (singular skeleton of the diffracted beam) shows high sensitivity to the screen edge dislocation with respect to the incident beam axis. This can be used for remote measurements of small displacements and deformations.

In this paper we consider the application of recently suggested experimental techniques for diagnostics of phase singularities in scalar and vector combined optical fields, in part in the cases when conventional interferometric techniques are not applicable or possess restricted applicability. Such situation takes place, for example, in cases of partially coherent inhomogeneously polarized combined beams assembled from mutually incoherent Hermite-Gaussian modes. Meanwhile, not only new experimental techniques are introduced, but new singularities, missed in complete coherent fields, arise.

The validity of running criterion for vector and scalar fields is analyzed. It is shown that such criterion may be used for scalar fields of any kind. This criterion may be implemented for relatively simple vector fields like heterogeneously polarized beams with central symmetry of their parameters and it cannot use for vector field of general type. The results of computer simulation are presented.

The polarization structure of a field at the superposition of two plain orthogonally linear polarized coherent light waves with the referent wave with some state of polarization is considered. It is shown, that with the help of referent wave zero intensity could be created in any point of the observation plane, if the state of polarization of the referent wave coincides with the state of polarization in this point without the referent wave, and the electrical vector of the referent wave oscillates in counterphase with the electrical vector of the superposition of two first waves.

The paper presents the mathematical technique for calculation of three dimensional intensity distribution near a focal point of an optical system in case of partly polarized light. The proposed technique considers a high aperture optical system that focuses a partly polarized parallel beam. The principal idea is based on Huygens-Fresnel principle: a spherical wave at an exit pupil of an optical system is considered as a numerous set of secondary light point sources. Each source emits a partly polarized spherical wave. The polarization orientation of each wave can be calculated using angular pupil coordinates. Modulation of amplitude, phase or polarization can be introduced depending on these pupil coordinates. The total intensity is defined as superposition of complex wave amplitudes taking into account polarization orientation, degree of polarization and orientation of detector aperture. The paper presents the intensity distributions calculated for beams with various types and degrees of polarization.

The paper presents principal approaches to diagnosing the structure forming skeleton of the complex optical field. An analysis of optical field singularity algorithms depending on intensity discretization and image resolution has been carried out. An optimal approach is chosen, which allows to bring much closer the solution of the phase problem of localization speckle-field special points. A possible approach to diagnosing the signs of zero amplitudes was offered.

We propose an optical correlation algorithm for reconstructing the phase skeleton of complex optical fields from the measured two-dimensional intensity distribution. The essence of the algorithm consists in location of the saddle points of the intensity distribution and connecting such points into nets by the lines of intensity gradient that are closely associated with the equi-phase lines of the field. This algorithm provides a new partial solution to the inverse problem in optics commonly referred to as the phase problem.

Diffraction of light on an amplitude and phase fractal objects of Serpinski carpet was calculated. It has been shown that for a phase fractal object and for an amplitude object in the field there are areas, analogical to the areas of selfreproduction of minimum element.

The possibilities of wavefront curvature measuring by Talbot sensor are theoretically and experimentally investigated. A new method of wavefront aberrations measurement is proposed and demonstrated. It is based on the observation of the Talbot effect when the diffraction grating is adapted to the wavefront curvature of the analyzed wave. Herewith, the observation plane stay fixed and corresponds to the Talbot length for a plane wave. It is shown that the measurement range can be made several times wider, with the help of the adaptive Talbot sensor, by retaining the required angular sensitivity. A possibility of self-reproduction of the rectangular grating (with different periods along the axes) by the astigmatic wavefront is experimentally demonstrated. The possibility of the experimental realization of the adaptive Talbot sensor using the dynamic spatial light modulator is demonstrated.

We present a development of the method of synthesized phase objects (SPO-method) [1] for the rotation-invariant pattern recognition. For the standard method of recognition and the SPO-method, the comparison of the parameters of correlation signals for a number of amplitude objects is executed at the realization of a rotation in an optical-digital correlator with the joint Fourier transformation. It is shown that not only the invariance relative to a rotation at a realization of the joint correlation for synthesized phase objects (SP-objects) but also the main advantage of the method of SP-objects over the reference one such as the unified δ-like recognition signal with the largest possible signal-to-noise ratio independent of the type of an object are attained.

Calculating methods, which accurately predict minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD), are of significant interest for many years. The article deals with improvement the accuracy of determining the thermal imaging system MRTD by elaboration the visual perception model. We suggest MRTD calculating algorithm, which is based on a reliable approximation of the human visual system modulation transfer function (MTF) proposed by N. Nill. There was obtained a new expression for the bandwidth evaluation, which is independent of angular size of the Foucault bar target.

We present the analytical model describing the Gaussian beam propagation through the off axis vortex lens and the set of axially positioned ideal lenses. The model is derived on the base of Fresnel diffraction integral. The model is extended to the case of vortex lens with any topological charge m. We have shown that the Gaussian beam propagation can be represented by function G which depends on four coefficients. When propagating from one lens to another the function holds its form but the coefficient changes.

We have studied spectral sensitization with anionic dyes of holographic microsystems “core – silver halide shell” (CSHS), cores of which can be either nonsilver or silver halide compounds. Conditions under which dye sensitizers, being adsorbed on cores, remain under silver halide shells after their growing are considered. Comparison of results of sensitometric and low-temperature (Т = 77 K) luminescent measurements have shown that these conditions are determined by the charge state of cations of microsystem cores. If the shell contains the same univalent component in its composition as the core does, as in the case in which the core is a silver halide compound, the anionic dye is displaced to the outer surface of the shell. If the core contains a divalent cationic component, as in the case in which the core is a nonsilver compound, the dye remains under the silver halide shell; i.e., it is overgrown by the shell. We have shown that the charge state of core cations affects the character of the core interaction with anionic dyes, which ensures differences in the spectral sensitization of CSHS microsystems, as well as differences in the dye photoexcitation relaxation in them. We have found that supersensitization of AgBr microcrystals sensitized by infrachromatic dye affects the interaction between the dye aggregates and the surface silver ions, which induces modification of the holographic microsystems’ spectral sensitivity range.

This article examines a systematic error that occurs in optical spectrum analyzers and is caused by Fresnel approximation. The aim of the article is to determine acceptable errors of spatial frequency measurement in signal spectrum. The systematic error of spatial frequency measurement has been investigated on the basis of a physical and mathematical model of a coherent spectrum analyzer. It occurs as a result of the transition from light propagation in free space to Fresnel diffraction. Equations used to calculate absolute and relative measurement errors depending on a diffraction angle have been obtained. It allows us to determine the limits of the spectral range according to the given relative error of the spatial frequency measurement.

We present a numerical analysis of the multiple scattering and random lasing properties in a two dimensional random system composed of super scatterers, which was proposed to enhance the scattering cross-section significantly. We find that the quasi-stationary leaky mode having the largest Q factor and being most prone to lase lies at the super scattering peak wavelength.

The technique of Mueller matrix elements measuring by polarization states modulation is considered. This techniques allows to facilitate research in comparison with the classical method. Using of incident beams with orthogonal polarization states provides measuring and compensates systematic errors of experimental setup causing big defects of polarization elements.

The possibility of formation of the beam with edge dislocation, which is similar to the ТЕ₀₁₍₁₀₎ beam is considered. It is shown that such mode may be obtained due to the diffraction of Gaussian beam on the special binary computer generated hologram. The conditions of such operation are formulated. The experimental results and results of computer simulation are presented.

New approach for the correlation technique, which is based on multiple periodic structures to create a controllable angular spectrum, is proposed and investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The transformation of an initial laser beam occurs due to the actions of consecutive phase periodic structures, which may differ by their parameters. Then, after the Fourier transformation of a complex diffraction field, the output diffraction orders will be changed both by their intensities and by their spatial position. The controllable change of output angular spectrum is carried out by a simple control of the parameters of the periodic structures. We investigate several simple examples of such management.

Measurement procedure for photoelectric parameters of photodetectors (PD) are determined in standards and described elsewhere. And in using the procedure, measurement results are influenced by a series of factors not specified in the standards mentioned, restoration of PD photoelectric parameters and characteristics measurement results being complicated. To provide the unity of measurement and analysis of results, it is necessary to analyze instruments and scientific procedure, developed and successfully used in production.

Recording nonlinearity is conventionally considered as the source of noise in holographic imaging. Important exclusion from this general statement is nonlinear holographic associative memory, where the quadratic recording nonlinearity causes true brightness rendering and the possibility for associative coupling and reconstructing optical signals of arbitrary complexity which are stored at the same carrier without interference. In this paper we discuss the role of nonlinearities of an amplitude response of a hologram of the orders higher than the quadratic one in implementing the second-ordered holographic associative memory. We show that higher-order nonlinearities are also involved in implementing this type of memory. This conclusion may be of importance for interpretation of biological/human memory also. The highlight of our study is the conclusion that reconstruction of the complex conjugate heteroassociative response is provided directly, viz. by the set of specified by us pseudogratings, rather than by the mechanism of sequential diffractions.

The design and evaluation of the expected performance of new optical systems requires sophisticated and reliable information about the surface topography for planned optical elements before they are fabricated. The problem is especially severe in the case of x-ray optics for modern diffraction-limited-electron-ring and free-electron-laser x-ray facilities, as well as x-ray astrophysics missions, such as the X-ray Surveyor under development. Modern x-ray source facilities are reliant upon the availability of optics of unprecedented quality, with surface slope accuracy < 0.1μrad. The unprecedented high angular resolution and throughput of future x-ray space observatories require high quality optics of hundreds square meters in total area. The uniqueness of the optics and limited number of proficient vendors makes the fabrication extremely time consuming and expensive, mostly due to the limitations in accuracy and measurement rate of metrology used in fabrication. In this work we continue investigating the possibility to improve metrology efficiency via comprehensive statistical treatment of a compact volume of metrology data, considered to be a result of a stochastic polishing process. If successful, the modeling could provide a feedback to deterministic polishing processes, avoiding time-consuming, whole scale metrology measurements over the entire optical surface with the resolution required to cover the entire desired spatial frequency range. The modeling also allows forecasting metrology data for optics made by the same vendor and technology. The forecast data is vital for reliable specification for optical fabrication, evaluated from numerical simulation to be exactly adequate for the required system performance, avoiding both over- and underspecification.

The influence of Bi/Si(001) interfaces and Bi nanolines on Si(001) surface on the reflectance properties of two-phase systems is discussed in ultra-high vacuum, by means of two different surface optical spectroscopies: the Surface Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy and the Reflectance Anisotropy Spectroscopy. Specific spectra are obtained, which are interpreted as a function of the surface modification mode. In particular, it is possible to discriminate between Bi/Si interfaces with different thickness and Bi nanolines on Si surface. Moreover, quantitative information is proposed from these optical techniques which yields the determination of the number (or concentration) of surface Si and Bi atoms involved in the bonding.

A method for quality assessment of layer-structured semiconductor single crystals (InSe, GaSe, GaS) grown in evacuated ampoules by the Bridgman technique is proposed. For this purpose, nuclear quadruple resonance method with a consecutive scanning of the entire sample volume and evaluation of crystal perfection by the resulting spectra is used. Effective interaction between high-frequency field and crystal and, accordingly, restriction of scanning area of sample under study is provided with the use of a two-way saddle-shaped coil for a nuclear quadruple resonance spectrometer.

A comparison between the generalized Chakraverty-Wagner and Lifshits-Slyozov-Wagner distributions with experimental histograms for Pt, Pd –nanocrystals and their compounds has been performed according to the modified LSW theory applied to the surface (2D) and bulk (3D) systems. Pt and Pd nanocrystals were synthesized and deposited from vapor phase and a liquid solution. Good correlation between the experimental histograms and the theoretical curves proves that two mechanisms of the nanocrystals’ growth (dissolution) can be involved simultaneously during the Ostwald ripening stage. One of them is controlled by diffusion, while the chemical reaction rate controls the other mechanism. Details of comparison between the experimental histograms and theoretical curves prove that growth of Pt and Pd -nanoparticles is controlled mainly by the chemical reaction rate (i.e. Wagner’s mechanism) regardless of the synthesis method in the process of Ostwald ripening.

By using elasticity C_ijkl and compliance moduli S_ijkl for rhombic syngony single crystals the necessary and sufficient conditions for axial and non-axial auxetic properties occurrence were defined. Indicative surfaces for single crystals Ga, I₂, SnSe, Hg₂Cl₂, CaCO₃, AgN₃, BaMnF₄, C₆H₆, LiGaO₂, Cd(COOH)₂, (C₆H₅)₂CO, C₆H₁₀(CH₂)₂, Ca(COOH)₂, Na₂CoGeO₄, NH₄B₅O₈·₄H₂O auxetic properties were built for the first time. The basic mechanisms and regularities of auxetic surfaces formation were stated. The auxetic oscillation effect in C₆H₆ was found.

The stochastic kinetics of a photoinduced phase transition in spin-crossover compounds in the presence of environmental background and systems internal noises were studied. The correlation phenomena that determine the color of internal and external noises was taken into account. The mathematical framework for the study of light-induced transition in spin-crossover nanoparticles was based on the Langevin equation and steady solution of corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. The system behavior was described by nonequilibrium (dynamic) potential in terms of Lyapunov functions for the deterministic case and by stochastic Fokker-Planck potential in the noise case action.

We analyze the effects of coloring of a beam traversing a light-scattering medium. Spectral investigation of the effects of coloring has been carried out using a solution of liquid crystal in a polymer matrix (PDLC). It is shown that the result of coloring of the beam at the output of the medium depends on the magnitudes of the phase delays of the singly forward scattered partial signals. We consider the influence of interference coloring effect on the transmission scattering and spatial-frequency filtering of the radiation which has passed through the PDLC.

The methods of correlation optics are for the first time applied to study structure of liquid crystal (LC) – polymer (P) composites at various concentrations of LC and P. Their phase correlation function (PCF) was obtained considering LC-P composite as a random phase screen. The amplitude of PCF contains information about number of LC domains and structure of LC director inside of them, while a half-width of this function is connected with a size of these domains. We studied unpowered and powered composite layers with a thickness of 5 μm. As liquid crystal and polymer were used nematic LC E7 from Merck and photopolymer composition NOA65 from Norland. Concentration of polymer φ_P was varied in a range 10-55 vol. %. In good agreement with previous studies by SEM technique we detected monotone decrease of LC domains with concentration of polymer. With application of electric field, amplitude of PCF behaves differently for the samples with different polymer content. For the samples with φ_P>35 vol. % (samples having morphology of polymer dispersed LC), this dependence is monotonic. In turn, if φ_P<35 vol. % (samples with polymer network LC morphology), the amplitude of PCF non-monotonically depends on the applied voltage going through a maximum. The latter fact is explained by transformation of orientational defects of LC phase with the applied voltage.

This paper deals with the development of algorithms and software for optical recognition of growing defects in the semiconductor crystals and metal nanoparticles in colloidal solutions. Input information is a set of photographs from a microscope, as well as a short video-file with nanoparticle's tracks. We used the wavelet technology to filtering and image transformations. As a result of recognition the 3D image is formed with the point, linear and planar growing defects. Defects are sorted by size; different statistical characteristics are computed such as the defect’s distribution in layers and in the whole crystal. The system supports arbitrary rotations of the "crystal"; “cutting” by different planes and so on. The software allows you to track the movement of nanoparticles in colloidal solutions; to determine the local temperature and density of the solution. We proposed a new method for quantitative estimation of recognition quality. This method based on the "virtual crystal” model, which has predetermined parameters of the defect subsystem. The software generates a set of photographs, which used as the input information of recognition system. Comparing the statistical parameters of the input data with the recognition results, we can estimate the quality of recognition systems from different manufacturers.

This paper presents the investigation results of temporal chaotization of optical field scattered by liquid crystals during phase transition liquid – liquid crystal under electric field. It is established that maximum of temporal chaotization scattered field is observed under the temperature of phase transition liquid – liquid crystal and one doesn’t dependence of liquid crystal thickness. We found that minimum of temporal chaotization of near-field and scattered field is observed at formation Williams’s domains corresponding to the attached 9V voltage.

The integral relations among optical invariants and elipsometric parameters of light are obtained in this paper. It is shown, that among optical invariants there is an integral relation, similar to Kramers-Kronig relation for complex dielectric conductivity or a complex index of refraction. The possibility to determine the spectral values of conductivity through the integral transform of optical invariants or ellipsometric angles is discussed.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as GaSe, InSe, and WSe2 in form of bulk crystal and few-layer sheets have been prepared by mechanical exfoliation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was used for the study of surface morphology and estimation of thicknesses of the exfoliated thin semiconductor layers. Optical absorption and magneto-optical Faraday rotation spectra of 2D materials at different temperatures have been studied. In spectral region near long-wavelength absorption edge for all the studied layered crystals at low temperatures the exciton series have been observed. It was shown that in GaSe and InSe crystals these series consist of three lines, whereas in WSe2 two exciton lines were revealed. The observed exciton series were interpreted in framework of 3D exciton model. In the absorption spectra of GaSe and InSe crystals at higher photon energies than band gap Eg additional exciton structure also was observed. In case of thin exfoliated WSe2 flakes with thickness less than 80 nm shift of ground exciton band to shorter wavelengths has been revealed, which is associated with quantum size effect. Faraday rotation spectra of the 2D crystals have been confirme INTRODd dominant role of excitons near absorption edge.

Results of study of two members of diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) family, namely Cd_1-xMn_xTe and Zn_1-xMn_xO, which are in form of micro- and nanoparticles generated by pulsed laser ablation in liquid medium (PLAL), have been presented. The structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) of nanocrystals indicated that Mn has entered the A^IIB^VI lattice without changing the crystal structure and systematically substituted the A²⁺ ions in the lattice. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) gives information about surface morphology of the formed nanostructures. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly illustrates flower-like particles of Zn_1-xMn_xO, which consist of nanosheets and nanoleaves with average thickness about (5-8) nm. Obviously, these nanoobjects are responsible for the observed blue shift of the absorption edge in DMS nanostructures. In magneto-optical Faraday rotation spectra of both Cd_1-xMn_xTe and Zn_1-xMn_xO nanostructures there were exhibited peculiarities associated with s,p-d spin exchange interactions and confinement effect. It was observed almost linear dependence of the Faraday rotation as function of magnetic field strength for nanoparticles in contrast to the dependence with saturation in bulk case.

The possibility of obtaining hexagonal modification zinc selenide heterolayers by isovalent substitution method is considered. Optical reflection is investigated and the basic parameters of α-ZnSe energy structure in the center of the Brilloiun zone are determined. Photoluminescence of undoped heterolayers is studied and the role of intrinsic point defects formed by singly charged vacancies of selenium V^•_Se and zinc V'_Zn in the formation of radiation is discussed.

We report the results of the investigation of morphological, structural, optical and plarimeteric properties of titanium nitride thin films deposited on silicon and glass substrates.

The magnetron sputtered titanium nitride thin films were established to possess crystalline structure with the average grain size about D = 15 nm.

The method of correlation matrix is was applied for the analysis of polarization properties of scattered light by the titanium nitride thin film. The obtained experimental result, can be explained by the presence of the effects of linear and circular dichroism in the material of the titanium nitride thin films under investigations.

The optimal design of non-selective optical sensor based on anisotropic thermoelements with CdSb is investigated and determined. It is shown that the volt-watt sensitivity of this sensor is not less than 0.52 V/W. The sensor is linear in the range of 10 to 20000 W/m².

Article describes optical correlation method of cement particle size distribution definition. It based on transverse coherent function definition. It has been shown that set of particles with random shapes and orientations produces correlation function which is almost the same as a function for round particles set. Measurements of coherence function are performed using polarization transverse shearing interferometer. Described method allows fast and high reliable definition of cement particle distribution by sizes.

Within this work we propose a new technique for diagnostics of dispersed media using the shock waves generated with continuous laser radiation of moderate power. Within this technique it is possible to determine geometrical sizes of the dispersed particles as well as the absorption coefficient of the disperse medium. Under long-term influence of the optical field of power less than 100 mW observable disperse medium is not destroyed which can be applied in the micro- and nanotechnologies and in biomedicine.

In the paper investigated are optically inhomogeneous objects using holographic interferometry, speckle-interferometry and optical correlation. A non-interferometricshift of interference fringes is observed. Shown is that the shift is related to the statistical distribution that describes the optical inhomogeneity of the objects of study.

The results of optical modeling of biological tissues polycrystalline multilayer networks have been presented. Algorithms of reconstruction of parameter distributions were determined that describe the linear and circular birefringence. For the separation of the manifestations of these mechanisms we propose a method of space-frequency filtering. Criteria for differentiation of causes of death due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute coronary insufficiency (ACI) were found.

This paper studies and investigated the issue of physical principles of visual perception blinking images spokes of a wheel that rotates in alternating and direct the reflected light fields. The research results make it possible to clearly interpret observations stroboscopic effect of the rotating spoke wheels of the car, propeller aircraft, domestic fans. Established that the observation of these defects is possible only when illuminated by artificial fluorescent, discharge and pulsed light source. Discovered fact "capture", ie observation as a separate fixed needles at frequencies far exceeding the published data, which this time is 0.1 sec (10 Hz). Established that there is a capture at frequencies up to and including 50 Hz. This result is not described in the scientific literature and no explanation of the theory.

The analysis of the spectral anisotropic properties of layers of oncologic modified biological tissues with precancerous condition (CIN) and with сancer formation (G) of cervix according to linear dichroism determined in the wavelength range 300-800 nm was conducted. Comparison of results of animal testing of samples of biological samples oncologic modified human tissue was conducted, introduction of differentiation criterion spectropolarimetric precancerous condition and the stage cancer formation in the spectral band of 390-410 nm was proposed. Appropriate diagnostically important changes in the value ranges of linear dichroism at each stage of cancer formation (high- and low-grade dysplasia, high and low-grade adenocarcinoma) was determined. A differential method for diagnosis of epithelial cells in the above diseases was suggested.

The aim of the study was to establish objective parameters of the field of laser and incoherent radiation of different spectral ranges (UV, visible, IR) as a non-invasive optical method of interaction with different samples of biological tissues and fluids of patients to determine the state of prostate cancer and choosing the best personal treatment. The objects of study were selected venous blood plasma of patient with prostate cancer, histological sections of rat prostate gland in the postoperative period. As diagnostic methods have been used ultraviolet spectrometry samples of blood plasma in the liquid state, infrared spectroscopy middle range (2,5-25 microns) dry residue of plasma by spectral diagnostic technique of thin histological sections of biological tissues.

The results of experimental studies of coordinate distributions of Mueller matrix elements of the following types of cervical scraping tissue are presented: rate- low-grade - highly differentiated dysplasia (CIN1-CIN3) - adenocarcinoma of high, medium and low levels of differentiation (G1-G3). The rationale for the choice of statistical points 1-4 orders polarized coherent radiation field, transformed as a result of interaction with the oncologic modified biological layers "epithelium-stroma" as a quantitative criterion of polarimetric optical differentiation state of human biological tissues are shown here. The analysis of the obtained Mueller matrix elements and statistical correlation methods, the systematized by types studied tissues is accomplished. The results of research images of Mueller matrix elements m₃₄ for this type of pathology as low-grade dysplasia (CIN2), the results of its statistical and correlation analysis are presented.

The model of Mueller-matrix description of mechanisms of optical anisotropy typical for polycrystalline films of urine - optical activity, birefringence, as well as linear and circular dichroism - is suggested. Within the statistical analysis of such distributions the objective criteria of differentiation of films of urine from the healthy donors and patients with albuminuria. From the point of view of probative medicine the operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of the method of Mueller-matrix reconstruction of optical anisotropy parameters were found.

A new azimuthally stable polarimetric method for processing of microscopic images of optically anisotropic structures of different biological layers blood plasma is proposed. A new model of phase anisotropy definition of biological tissues by using superposition of Mueller matrices of linear birefringence and optical activity is proposed. The matrix element M₄₄ has been chosen as the main information parameter, which value is independent of rotation angle of both sample and probing beam polarization plane.

This research presents the results of investigation of laser polarization fluorescence of biological layers (histological sections of the myocardium). The polarized structure of autofluorescence imaging layers of biological tissues was detected and investigated. Proposed the model of describing the formation of polarization inhomogeneous of autofluorescence imaging biological optically anisotropic layers. On this basis, analytically and experimentally tested to justify the method of laser polarimetry autofluorescent. Analyzed the effectiveness of of this method in the postmortem diagnosis of infarction. The objective criteria (statistical moments) of differentiation of autofluorescent images of histological sections myocardium were defined. The operational characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of these technique were determined.

The theoretical background of azimuthally stable method Jones matrix mapping of histological sections of biopsy of uterine neck on the basis of spatial-frequency selection of the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence is presented. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy formed by polycristalline networks of blood plasma layers of donors (group 1) and patients with endometriosis (group 2). The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the 1st - 4th order) parameters of complex degree of mutual anisotropy coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of diagnostics of the pathology and differentiation of its severity degree are determined.