A settling time of the Kalman filter is a common problem of track initiation. The achievement of a steady state takes a few periods between consecutive measurements. In the case of the ABT objects (Air Breathing Target) the settling problem is negligible but should be considered for targets with high linear velocity like space crafts or tactical ballistic missiles. It is caused by a big distance between consecutive position measurements and the non-linearity of object’s trajectory. To reduce the settling period the track formation using Track-Before-Detect (TBD) algorithms can be used. The TBD methods allows to preselect measurements collected during few scanning periods and its filtering should reduce the time of duration of the Kalman filter’s unsteady state. In this paper a comparison of tracking results of classical tracking by Kalman filter and with pre-processing using chosen TBD algorithm is presented.
This article presents the results of research on improving the relational database performance through the use of software and hardware parallel processing methods. The research has been based on the Oracle Relational DataBase Management System, which is one of the few to perform parallel queries. The choice of Oracle to use as a base for the system has been dictated by its capabilities, namely support for Linux (Linux is widely used in radio-electronic systems used for military applications), support for most of the used indexes, and support for various operations and security used in RDBMS.
KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Data storage, Missiles, Radar, Filtering (signal processing), Data processing, Databases, Antennas, Sensors, Data modeling
In the article the idea and the main implementation problem of a tactical ballistic missile (TBM) tracking chain are presented. The processing chain implements the Track-Before-Detect (TBD) method to confirm a TBM detection and as the next step an extended Kalman filter as a tracker is used. The structure of the system and the descriptions of the purpose of particular modules are presented in the paper. A complex data structure for storing of the measurements, the organizational data and the algorithms parameters has been designed in order to improve the computational effectiveness and use of system resources. The proposed data storing solution allows for the reduction of the amount of stored measurement data without a loss of tracking results quality. In the paper selected results of TBM tracking for different data organization solutions and different methods of the data amount reduction are presented.
In contemporary devices, reconnaissance systems, and radio-electronic warfare there is a necessity to process very large amounts of measurement data in real time. For this purpose, the possibility of hardware implementation for various types of algorithms in FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is of great importance. With the intensive development of semiconductor technology observed in the recent years, programmable devices have undergone very significant changes in recent years. A notable increase in logical resources has enabled implementation of a programmable processor core in the FPGA.
This paper presents an example of the system which is capable of processing measurement data obtained from a radar as well as control data required for controlling the processing circuit which has been implemented in MicroBlaze processor. The MicroBlaze processor is a soft processor designed for the effective implementation within programmable systems. In this paper two solutions based on the Xilkernel real time system (a solution based on Linux) and the Xilinx Standalone version have been discussed. The proposed solutions may be the basis for building efficient data processing components in WRE devices. Performance tests of the individual solutions have been made on the basis of signals received from the FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave) radar.
KEYWORDS: Sensors, Information fusion, Electronic support measures, Electronic signals intelligence, Databases, Radar, Signal detection, Signal processing
This paper presents a method of fusion of identification (attribute) information provided by ELINT – ESM sensors (Electronic Intelligence – Electronic Support Measures). In the first section the basic taxonomy of attribute identification in accordance with the standards of STANAG 1241 ed. 5 and STANAG 1241 ed. 6 (draft) is adopted. These standards provide the following basic values of the attributes of identification: FRIEND, HOSTILE, NEUTRAL, UNKNOWN and additional values: ASSUMED FRIEND and SUSPECT. The last values can be interpreted as a conjunction of basic values. The basis of theoretical considerations is the Dezert-Smarandache theory (DSmT) of inference. This paper presents and practically uses combining identification information from different ELINT – ESM sensors one of the information fusion rules proposed by the DSmT - the Proportional Conflict Redistribution #5 rule (PCR5). In the next section rules of determining attribute information by ESM sensor equipped with the data base of radar emitters are presented. It was proposed that each signal vector sent by the ELINT-ESM sensor contained an extension specifying a randomized identification declaration (hypothesis). This declaration specifies the reliability of the identification information - basic belief assignment (bba) for the identification information set. This paper presents a method of determining this belief assignment based on the distance between recognized signal features, vectors and centers of clusters grouping emitter patterns in the pattern data base. Results of the PCR5 rule of sensor information combining for two scenarios are presented in the final part of this paper. Conclusions are given at the end of this paper. They confirm the legitimacy of the use of the Dezert-Smarandache theory into information fusion for ESM sensors.
KEYWORDS: Radar, Computer simulations, Antennas, Distributed interactive simulations, Databases, Kinematics, Data modeling, Mathematical modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Chemical elements
The effectiveness of radar systems highly depends on meeting certain expectations, both technical and operationaltactical. The verification of the effectiveness of radars and their cooperation with other elements of the grouping in conditions similar to combat operations requires the use of various simulation techniques. This paper introduces the concept of the radar environment simulator, which allows the generation of complex simulation variants that are adapted to conduct a wide range of tactical exercises and scientific experiments. The wide range of the simulator's interaction with the radar was met by placing it inside a signal processing block and incorporating it into the technical and tactical parameters management system of the radar. The simulator concept assumes the possibility of generating a wide range of trajectories of air objects. Interoperability of the simulator with selected signal processing block modules enables the simulation of undesirable phenomena such as targeted interference, damage to radar modules, etc. The performed tests confirmed the usefulness of the presented solution for its use in real radar.
KEYWORDS: Databases, Data processing, Analytical research, Chemical elements, Information fusion, Data mining, Data storage, Information technology, Sensors, Radar
The increase of interoperability of radio electronic systems used in the Armed Forces requires the processing of very large amounts of data. Requirements for the integration of information from many systems and sensors, including radar recognition, electronic and optical recognition, force to look for more efficient methods to support information retrieval in even-larger database resources. This paper presents the results of research on methods of improving the efficiency of databases using various types of indexes. The data structure indexing technique is a solution used in RDBMS systems (relational database management system). However, the analysis of the performance of indices, the description of potential applications, and in particular the presentation of a specific scale of performance growth for individual indices are limited to few studies in this field. This paper contains analysis of methods affecting the work efficiency of a relational database management system. As a result of the research, a significant increase in the efficiency of operations on data was achieved through the strategy of indexing data structures. The presentation of the research topic discussed in this paper mainly consists of testing the operation of various indexes against the background of different queries and data structures. The conclusions from the conducted experiments allow to assess the effectiveness of the solutions proposed and applied in the research. The results of the research indicate the existence of a real increase in the performance of operations on data using indexation of data structures. In addition, the level of this growth is presented, broken down by index types.
The paper presents a synthetic information on a UAV-based radar terrain imaging system, its purpose, structure and working principle as well as terrain images obtained from flight experiments. A SAR technology demonstrator has been built as a result of a research project conducted by the Military University of Technology and WB Electronics S.A. under the name WATSAR. The developed system allows to obtain high resolution radar images, both in on-line and off-line modes, independently of the light conditions over the observed area. The software developed for the system allows to determine geographic coordinates of the imaged objects with high accuracy. Four LFM-CW radar sensors were built during the project: two for S band and two for Ku band, working with different signal bandwidths. Acquired signals were processed with the TDC algorithm, which allowed for a number of analyses in order to evaluate the performance of the system. The impact of the navigational corrections on a SAR image quality was assessed as well. The research methodology of the in-flight experiments of the system is presented in the paper. The projects results show that the developed system may be implemented as an aid to tactical C4ISR systems.
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