Mr. Carlos Mano Profile

Carlos Mano

at Spin.Works Lda

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation

Towards vision-based self-navigating CubeSats in cislunar and deep space missions

Tiago S. Hormigo, Carlos Mano, Pedro Pinheiro, André Santos, Francisco Camara

Proceedings Volume 12236, 122360B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633493

KEYWORDS: Space operations, Cameras, Stars, Image processing, Optical tracking, Detection and tracking algorithms, Commercial off the shelf technology, Visualization, Roads, Ranging

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One of the key challenges in future space explorers is the ability to carry out complex mission profiles while avoiding constant ground support until arrival at the mission target. A key point is precise self-knowledge of location and attitude. Over the last several years there have been many demonstrations of how to use visual cues to enable safe and precise execution of key mission phases, including in large-scale missions (most recently on NASA's Mars Perseverance). Nevertheless, this transition is sure to occur at a faster pace on small missions due to their comparatively low cost. We have investigated how to forego entirely ground-based navigation throughout a mission - between launch separation and target arrival. We propose to use primarily just three small optical instruments (two star trackers and one high-resolution camera), along with a high-performance processing unit, while considering complementary sensors such as IMUs and ranging instruments for critical events. We describe two different mission profiles, a lunar landing and an asteroid mission. We have calculated suitable trajectories to reach our targets, and describe appropriate image processing techniques to reach the required positioning performance. We also describe the covariance analyses that guide both trajectory correction timeline and the observation schedule. We have built prototype hardware instrument to test our progress towards achieving this goal, and have tested it under conditions representative of a real mission. Finally, we are currently qualifying cameras for In-Orbit Demonstrations in early 2023 to inform our next steps.

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