Practical scientific methods have been devised to measure cure-shrinkage phenomena for a small-volume disk geometry of adhesive agents, in liquid or paste form. These can be conducted simply, reproducibly and quickly, typically 5-120 min, once the apparati are set up. Originally utilised to measure shrinkage behavior in photocuring dental adhesives and biomaterials, the measurements may be applied as well to adhesives for fiber optic and optical applications. They are especially suitable for UV and visible-light curing adhesives. The 'bonded-disk' method is used for the measurement of shrinkage-strain kinetics and the Bioman method for shrinkage-stress of adhesives.
An alexandrite laser has been used in the fixed-Q and Q-switched modes, at the fundamental and frequency doubled wavelengths on a selection of hard and soft tissue. In an investigation into the potential use of the laser for the removal of deep lying lesions such as cutaneous vascular lesions and tatoos, studies have been carried out to characterize the depth and extent of the laser/tissue interaction in samples of tissue which greatly absorb the 750 nm radiation. The interaction of the laser radiation with extracted teeth was investigated looking at healthy enamel and dentine, and caries. Surface profile measurements of the enamel and dentine before and after irradiation show little physical effect of the laser irradiation, whereas caries appear to be ablated.
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