For the first time we made an attempt to study morphological types of phytoliths in the same species of multicellular brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica) growing in different locations. However, in all samples only shapeless silicon dioxide particles were found. Some of them had rough edges, the other had smooth edges. We assume that the rough-edged shapeless phytolithes were formed within cells and smooth-edged – in the intercellular space. Verification of this assumption needs confirmation by detection of similar structures in the tissues of live algae.
The paper presents results of a study of the size of the particles that arise during the welding process using laser granulometry method. It is shown that the welding aerosol - extremely dangerous for human and animal health and the source of nano- and micro-sized particles.
Applied monitoring studies of air pollution are often based on the use of time-tested, but not the most modern methods. The experience of the use of a complex method of atmospheric particle suspensions research, including laser granulometry, high-resolution mass spectrometry, light microscopy with Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion analysis in hygienics and environmental research is discussed in the paper.
The living organisms – animals, plants, algae, fungi – contain miсroscopic inorganic inclusions (biominerals). A rather large body of information about their chemical composition, morphological types and presence in various parts of the organisms has been accumulated. Research in biominerals has a fundamental scientific value and can also be useful for development of materials with specific properties. We propose a database intended to comprise data about all known biominerals as an efficient practical tool for both fundamental biological research and development of biotechnology.
The paper presents the results of studying of atmospheric suspensions contained in snow samples of Norsk state reserve (seasons 2013/2014 years). The snow samples gathered at 5 areas were revealed to contain particles size of less than 10 μm in ecologically low concentrations (up to 13 %). Generally the particles of 3rd (10-50 μm), 5th(100-400 μm) and 7th( more700 μm) size classes prevail at all areas. The particles at all screening areas have relatively small area of a specific surface - from 552,95 to 3272,12 cm2/cm3. It may be deducted that from the point of view of microsize atmospheric pollution Norsk State Reserve belongs to territories with favourable conditions.
The paper presents the results of granulometry studying of particles of atmospheric suspension contained in snow samples collected in Zeya state reserve (seasons winter 2013/2014 years). Snow samples collected at 5 stations were revealed to contain the particles the size of less than 10 μm in ecologically insignificant concentrations (up to 4%). Generally, the particles of 3rd (10-50 μm) and 6th (400-700 μm) size classes prevail at all sampling stations. The particles at all sampling stations have relatively small specific surface area - from 401, 87 to 4720, 22 сm2/сm3. It is possible to draw an inference that from the point of view of micro size pollution of atmosphere Zeya state reserve is considered to be a territory with farourable conditions.
The paper presents the first in the history of observations the results of studying of atmospheric suspensions contained in snowpacks of Russian Island (Vladivostok) , including the territory of campus of the Far Eastern Federal University (seasons 2011/2012-2013/2014 years). The distribution of airborne particles of different sizes and different genesis in differ by anthropogenic load districts of the island is revealed: the Far Eastern Federal University campus , the bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus Strait and the village Kanal. It is shown that in connection with the increase of anthropogenic load on the Russian island , its ecological condition deteriorates due to the rise in the atmosphere fractions of nano-and micro-sized particles.
The results of the study by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of microparticles of atmospheric suspensions contained in Ussuriysk winter snows (2012/2013) are presented. Particles of rocks and technogenic (mainly metal and soot) formations to prevail in the atmospheric suspensions of Ussuriysk are shown. There is a large amount of metal particles of automobile and industrial - Fe, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Sn, Pb, Ti, W. The analysis of the qualitative composition of atmospheric suspensions Ussuriysk confirms its status as a city with a strong impact of automobile transportation and high levels of air pollution.
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