An optical power scale is established at Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü (UME) using the helium-cooled primary-level electrical-substitution cryogenic radiometer. The scale is established at discrete laser wavelengths of vertically polarized tuneable Ar+, fixed He-Ne, and Nd:YAG (with second harmonic) laser sources. To increase measurement accuracy, laser intensities are stabilized to better than 0.009% using an electro-optical modulator. The spatial profiles of polarized laser beams are cleaned with a spatial filter. The optical power is measured using the static substitution method with an uncertainty of a few parts in 10–4. Repeatability of optical power measurements in the static substitution method, the measurement of window transmittance, and the measurement of power in a scattered beam are the most significant uncertainty components.
A small average power CO2 laser for some industrial applications is presented. The laser might operate both in a continuous regime and in a pulsed one or in a combination of two. Average power up to 20 W and peak power of several hundreds of kW has been achieved. The advantages of the good optical quality bema of a longitudinal discharge laser and of a high peak power pulsed regime are simultaneously achieved. A high voltage capacitor, which is switched on by means of a rotary spark gap, sustains the pulsed regime. The commutation between the two regimes might be easily done and a mixed operation is obtainable. By superposition of the two regimes, a continuous heating of the materials by the continuous beam as well as an evaporation due to high peak power are obtainable. Drilling, cutting and marking of different types of glasses as well as different plastic materials were performed.
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