Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) delivers high-resolution radar images day or night, and in all weather conditions. It also
offers the capability for penetrating materials. These unique capabilities boost the application of SAR remote sensing
techniques in Antarctica. Based on the key area of Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) -
PANDA (Prydz Bay, Amery Ice Shelf and Dome A) section, this paper summarized the typical applications of SAR data,
and discussed the crevasse detection with semi-variance analysis in the SAR images of the Grove Mountains area, DEM
generation with InSAR pairs and ICESat GLAS data of the Grove Mountains area and nearby areas, and ice flow
velocity derivation from D-InSAR and offset tracking of the Grove Mountains area and downstream areas in East
Antarctica. The studies provide important information for Antarctic fieldwork and scientific researches. It is further
confirmed that Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing has tremendous potential in the field of glacial geomorphology,
topographic mapping and glacier dynamics, etc.
Image segmentation is the foundation of the object-based and automatic interpretation of remote sensing images , but the
high-resolution remote sensing image data is generally large, for this problem, the traditional approach is generally
processing in sub-block, and then merge the results, but because of the complexity of the nature object, the merging
result is not satisfied, and the segmentation algorithm is often more complex to calculate time-consuming, and it affect
the image automatic interpretation of real-time. In this paper, we propose a parallel segmentation algorithm based on
pyramid image, first of all, we create the pyramid image and segment it with the initial homogeneous regions were got, it
divide the data according to the initial homogeneous regions and segment them from the top of pyramid image to the
bottom with data parallelism, and it improve segmented efficiency, at the same time, it can avoid the problem of
“merging line” when merging of the segmenting results in different image block. Experimental results show that the
result of this algorithm is almost the same as the result of Mean Shift algorithm segmentation case; it says that this
algorithm is correct and reliability, it also shows that this algorithm is efficiency by comparing the use of time between
serial segmentation and parallel segmentation.
The Antarctic is in very close relationship with the global climate, ecology environment, and the future of the human
being. And it is unscientific to explore the Antarctic without any touch. While, crevasse is one of the most dangerous
factors to the team members during the field expedition. Crevasse detection is very important in polar scientific research
expedition for the safety; meanwhile, it is also meaningful information for ice flow monitoring. This paper presents the
preliminary study on ice crevasse texture analysis and recognition based on SPOT image and coherence map derived
from SAR image of Grove Mountains, east Antarctica. Since radar can penetrate the snow, it can detect the crevasse
under the snow which can't be detected by optical satellite data. Based on the texture characteristics, gray level co-occurrence
matrix is chosen at first to recognize the crevasse in SPOT image and coherence map respectively. And the
results and the difference are analyzed. Optical and radar imagery both are valuable, however, there is no single sensor
that gives 100 percent of the crevasses. Meanwhile, gray level co-occurrence matrix method can not detect the crevasse
at 100 percent accuracy. More texture analysis method will be studied in further research.
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry has been proposed as a potential technique for digital elevation model (DEM) generation, topographic mapping, and surface motion detection especially in the inaccessible areas. Grove Mountains Area locates to the southwest of Princess Elizabeth Land, inland areas of east Antarctica. The topographical map of the core area (11 x 10 KM2) was printed after the field surveying with GPS and total station was finished under the atrocious weather conditions during the 16th CHINARE (Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) 1999/2000. This paper will present an experimental investigation of the ERS-1/2 SAR tandem data in 1996 on DEM generation of the Grove Mountains Core Area, analyze the data processing, and compare the DEM with the actual topographic form. It is confirmed that InSAR is a very useful technique to be utilized in Antarctica, and can be used to produce more products instead of dagnerous field surveying.
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