Optical properties of the porcine gingival mucosa under the influence of smoking vapes (mixtures of propylene glycol, glycerol, and water) using diffuse transmission and reflection spectroscopies were studied in a wide spectral range from UV to NIR. The principle of diffuse spectroscopy is based on the ability of tissue biological molecular chromophores (hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, collagen, DNA, etc.) to absorb diffusely scattered light of a certain wavelength. Scattering is a key feature in light transport and attenuation in tissues, especially in UV. Thus immersion optical clearing provided my tissue impregnation with smoking liquids may have a great impact on tissue optical properties. In this study, for the porcine gingival mucosa, the specific features of tissue optics with the formation of three dynamic optical windows in the UV were revealed. By combining the immersion technique with UV-spectroscopy, it was possible to verify and study the major optical clearing mechanisms - tissue dehydration and refractive index matching, and to discover that the optical clearing efficiency is much higher in the deep-UV than in the visible-NIR range. These results prove that the refractive index mismatch in tissues is strong in the UV wavelength range, which causes a strong light scattering. Suppression of light scattering of the oral mucosa at the application of smoking liquid can be included in clinical protocols for personalized treatment of dental diseases using phototherapy, physiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser treatment, and optical diagnostics. Fortunately, e-cigarette smoking vapes are certified by medical agencies around the world for human use.
Currently, there is an increased interest in aluminosilicates of natural origin, both in connection with the use in detoxification of waters and soils, and as a matrix for the creation of biologically active composites. The morphological characteristics of glauconite grains from the Beloozersk deposit in the Saratov region and its composite have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main sorption characteristics of the enriched fraction of glauconite in relation to chlorhexidine digluconate were determined by spectrophotometry. On the basis of the presented sorption isotherm, the mechanism of immobilization of chlorhexidine ions on a glauconite matrix is analyzed in accordance with the provisions of Langmuir's theory. The basic constants of the Langmuir equation are determined. It was revealed that glauconite has a high sorption activity (up to 87%) in relation to chlorhexidine, which can be in demand as filter media in wastewater treatment, in agriculture, as well as in medicine and veterinary medicine, to create new types of enterosorbents with antibacterial properties.
Recently, there has been great interest in the potential use of metal nanoparticles in various fields: physics, medicine, microelectronics, biology, etc. Copper nanoparticles are not inferior in properties to nanoparticles of noble metals, however, they are much cheaper and more accessible. This work shows the preparation of an effective bactericidal composite with copper nanoparticles. Glauconite from the Beloozersk deposit in the Saratov region was used as a matrix for creating the composite. Glauconite can be a stabilizer for air-unstable copper nanoparticles. The glauconite structure has nanoscale porosity, which largely increases the effective sorption surface. The copper nanoparticles obtained by the chemical reduction were immobilized on a glauconite matrix. Sorption of nanoparticles was monitored by spectrophotometry. The bactericidal efficacy of the obtained nanocomposite was investigated in relation to clinical bacterial strains. These studies can be in demand in veterinary medicine, agriculture and medicine, after additional research.
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