Prof. Francisco E. Robles Profile

Prof. Francisco E. Robles

Associate Professor at Wallace H Coulter Dept of Biomedical Engineering

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Editorial Board Member: Journal of Biomedical Optics | Author

Publications (62)

Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation

Quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) for stain-free tissue imaging with cycleGAN mode conversion can emulate H&E histology

Tanishq Abraham, Paloma Costa, Caroline Filan, Francisco Robles, Richard Levenson

Proceedings Volume 12933, 1293311 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008530

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Microscopy, Tumors, Standards development, In vivo imaging, Education and training, Data modeling, 3D imaging standards, Spatial resolution, Phase imaging

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2024 Poster + Paper

Deep learning-based analysis of deep ultraviolet (UV) microscopy images for label-free, point-of-care hematological analysis

Nischita Kaza, Lyndie Chiou, Max Lenk, James J. Law, Kelly Mabry, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12850, 128500K (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002126

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Deep ultraviolet, Blood, White blood cells, Red blood cells, Image segmentation, Image classification, Chemical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2024 Poster + Paper

Deep-ultraviolet microscopy for analysis of bone marrow aspirate adequacy

Viswanath Gorti, Ajay Rajaraman Subramanian, Ahmed Aljudi, Waitman Aumann, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12850, 128500L (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002646

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Clinical trials, Microscopes, Object detection, Point-of-care devices, Deep ultraviolet

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Towards tomographic molecular imaging via deep ultraviolet (UV) microscopy

Nischita Kaza, Joshua Lerner, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume PC12848, PC128480E (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002113

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Tomography, Deep ultraviolet, Biological samples, 3D image processing, Light absorption, Refractive index, Partial coherence, LED lighting

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Single capture quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy enables in-vivo quantitative phase imaging

Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Jamin Ahn, Anthony Lien, Mercedes López-Esteva, Bilal Haider, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume PC12854, PC128540U (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001865

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Phase imaging, Blood, Microscopy, Biomedical applications, Biological samples, Tomography, Brain, Vascular diseases, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Towards in-vivo, non-invasive, label-free, real-time 3D H&E imaging for clinical applications via 3D phase contrast from quantitative oblique back illumination microcopy (qOBM)

Francisco Robles, Richard Levenson, Tanishq Abraham, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Zhe Guang, Caroline Filan

Proceedings Volume PC12852, PC128520Z (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008577

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Biological imaging, Tissues, Stereoscopy, Real time imaging, Light sources and illumination, Biomedical applications, Phase contrast, In vivo imaging, 3D applications

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Experimental assessment of the optical transfer function for quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Zhenmin Li, Caroline Filan, Zhe Guang, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12854, 128540H (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003347

KEYWORDS: Optical transfer functions, Monte Carlo methods, Tissues, Biological samples, Cameras, Scattering, Phase imaging, Objectives, Microscopy, Image restoration

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Neural network assisted fast refractive index tomography in thick tissues with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Zhenmin Li, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Zhe Guang, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12854, 128540J (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003414

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Tomography, Image deconvolution, Neural networks, 3D image reconstruction, Biological samples, Microscopy, Deconvolution, Refractive index, Nervous system

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Characterizing UV-induced photo-damage to improve long-term, dynamic live cell imaging with UV microscopy

Viswanath Gorti, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12854, 1285408 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002733

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Cell death, Live cell imaging, Deep ultraviolet

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Poster + Paper

Tracking cellular and subcellular dynamics with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Caroline Filan, Srinidhi Bharadwaj, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Amin Davarzani, Dan Cappabianca, Anna Tommasi, Lauren Sarko, Nina La Vonne Denne, Leidong Mao, Krishanu Saha, Lohitash Karumbaiah, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12852, 128520D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000091

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Frequency response, Fourier transforms, Tumors, Tissues, Cancer, Visualization, Microscopes, Light sources and illumination

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Real-time in-vivo volumetric quantitative phase imaging with a compact handheld probe

Zhe Guang, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Zhenmin Li, Joshua Lerner, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12852, 1285206 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000269

KEYWORDS: Biological samples, Phase imaging, Light sources and illumination, In vivo imaging, Imaging systems, Biological imaging, Brain, Tumors, Real time imaging, Design

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Poster + Paper

Multimodal fluorescence microscopy and 3D quantitative phase imaging/refractive index tomography in thick tissue samples

Zhenmin Li, Zhe Guang, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Caroline Filan, Srinidhi Bharadwaj, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12852, 128520I (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003242

KEYWORDS: Fluorescence microscopy, Fluorescence, Biological samples, Neuroimaging, Brain, 3D image processing, Imaging systems, Deconvolution, Image deconvolution, Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Epi-mode 3D quantitative phase imaging with quantitative oblique back illumination microcopy (qOBM): recent advances in functional and dynamic contrast

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12848, 1284806 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008578

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Phase imaging, Image segmentation, Optical tomography, Biological samples, Refractive index, Photons, Microscopes

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 September 2023 Open Access

Analysis of structural effects of sickle cell disease on brain vasculature of mice using three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging

Caroline Filan, Hannah Song, Manu Platt, Francisco Robles

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 09, 096501, (September 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.096501

KEYWORDS: Blood vessels, Brain, Animals, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Blood, Vascular diseases, Brain diseases, Neuroimaging, Arteries, Refractive index

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SignificanceAlthough the molecular origins of sickle cell disease (SCD) have been extensively studied, the effects of SCD on the vasculature—which can influence blood clotting mechanisms, pain crises, and strokes—are not well understood. Improving this understanding can yield insight into the mechanisms and wide-ranging effects of this devastating disease.AimWe aim to demonstrate the ability of a label-free 3D quantitative phase imaging technology, called quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM), to provide insight into the effects of SCD on brain vasculature.ApproachUsing qOBM, we quantitatively analyze the vasculature of freshly excised, but otherwise unaltered, whole mouse brains. We use Townes sickle transgenic mice, which closely recapitulate the pathophysiology of human SCD, and sickle cell trait mice as controls. Two developmental time points are studied: 6-week-old mice and 20-week-old mice. Quantitative structural and biophysical parameters of the vessels (including the refractive index (RI), which is linearly proportional to dry mass) are extracted from the high-resolution images and analyzed.ResultsqOBM reveals structural differences in the brain blood vessel thickness (thinner for SCD in particular brain regions) and the RI of the vessel wall (higher and containing a larger variation throughout the brain for SCD). These changes were only significant in 20-week-old mice. Further, vessel breakages are observed in SCD mice at both time points. The vessel wall RI distribution near these breaks, up to 350 μm away from the breaking point, shows an erratic behavior characterized by wide RI variations. Vessel diameter, tortuosity, texture within the vessel, and structural fractal patterns are found to not be statistically different. As with vessel breaks, we also observe blood vessel blockages only in mice brains with SCD.ConclusionsqOBM provides insight into the biophysical and structural composition of brain blood vessels in mice with SCD. Data suggest that the RI may be an indirect indicator of vessel rigidity, vessel strength, and/or tensions, which change with SCD. Future ex vivo and in vivo studies with qOBM could improve our understanding of SCD.

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy with enhanced nuclear phase contrast using acetic acid

Zhe Guang, Amunet Jacobs, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Caroline Filan, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12389, 1238909 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650837

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Biological samples, Phase contrast, Tissues, Brain, Phase imaging, Scattering, In vivo imaging, Confocal microscopy, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Single capture quantitative phase imaging with tomographic sectioning

Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Zhe Guang, Nischita Kaza, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12389, 1238906 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650539

KEYWORDS: Image restoration, Phase imaging, Biological samples, Tomography, Brain, Blood, Microscopy, Phase reconstruction, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Quantitative phase imaging of sickle cell disease effects on mouse brain vasculature using quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Caroline Filan, Hannah Song, Manu Platt, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12389, 123890G (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648496

KEYWORDS: Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Blood vessels, Refractive index, Animals, Brain, Blood, Neuroimaging, Biological imaging, Phase imaging, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Handheld quantitative phase imaging probe for in-vivo brain tumor margin assessment

Zhe Guang, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Amunet Jacobs, Caroline Filan, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12391, 123910C (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650851

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Phase imaging, In vivo imaging, Biological samples

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Mode conversion of qOBM (quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy) stain-free tissue images to emulate H&E histology via deep learning

Tanishq Mathew Abraham, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Caroline Filan, Francisco Robles, Richard Levenson

Proceedings Volume 12391, 1239109 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649484

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Education and training, Tumors, Microscopy, Deep learning, Brain tissue, Brain, Biological samples, Microscopes, Image classification

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Tracking early tuberous sclerosis complex diseased organoid development with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Caroline Filan, Seleipiri Charles, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Brian Cheng, Hang Lu, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12383, 123830E (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650755

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Microscopy, Animal model studies, Microscopes, Brain diseases, Natural surfaces, Brain, 3D modeling, Neurological disorders, Mental disorders

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Deep-UV microscopy as a tool to capture intracellular dynamics

Viswanath Gorti, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 12363, 1236304 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648515

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Deep ultraviolet, Biomolecules, Proteins, Prostate cancer, Nucleic acids, Frequency response, Bandpass filters, Absorption

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SPIE Journal Paper | 30 June 2022 Open Access

Functional imaging with dynamic quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Bryan Wang, Caroline Filan, Annie Bowles-Welch, Carolyn Yeago, Krishnendu Roy, Francisco Robles

JBO, Vol. 27, Issue 06, 066502, (June 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.27.6.066502

KEYWORDS: Functional imaging, Microscopy, Phase imaging, Cameras, Signal analyzers, Scattering, Manufacturing, Tissues, Microscopes, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Mode-mapping qOBM microscopy to virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology via deep learning

Tanishq Mathew Abraham, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Caroline Filan, Francisco Robles, Richard Levenson

Proceedings Volume 12136, 121360Q (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2622160

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Tumors, Tissues, Brain, Neuroimaging, Tissue optics, Imaging systems, Cancer, Phase contrast, Objectives

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Label-free multiscale dynamic imaging using 3D phase contrast and deep UV microscopy

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11944, 1194404 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2617118

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Deep ultraviolet, Ultraviolet radiation, 3D image processing, Signal processing, Refractive index, Phase contrast, Microscopes, Light sources, Stereoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Compact and low-cost deep-ultraviolet microscope for point-of-care complete blood count analysis

Viswanath Gorti, Nischita Kaza, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11968, 1196802 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609076

KEYWORDS: Blood, Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopes, Image segmentation, Hematology, Microscopy, Deep ultraviolet, Light emitting diodes, Sensors, Point-of-care devices

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Label-free hematological assessment of neutropenia using a microfluidic device and deep-UV microscopy

Ashkan Ojaghi, Viswanath Gorti, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11968, 1196803 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607988

KEYWORDS: Blood, Microfluidics, Deep ultraviolet, Microscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Cancer, Absorption, Point-of-care devices, Manufacturing, Spectroscopes

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SPIE Journal Paper | 10 August 2021 Open Access

Hemoglobin quantification in red blood cells via dry mass mapping based on UV absorption

Nischita Kaza, Ashkan Ojaghi, Francisco Robles

JBO, Vol. 26, Issue 08, 086501, (August 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.26.8.086501

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Blood, Absorption, Microscopy, Proteins, Imaging systems, Hematology, Phase measurement, Interferometry, Deep ultraviolet

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SPIE Journal Paper | 14 July 2021 Open Access

Label-free detection of brain tumors in a 9L gliosarcoma rat model using stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography

Soheil Soltani, Zhe Guang, Zhaobin Zhang, Jeffrey Olson, Francisco Robles

JBO, Vol. 26, Issue 07, 076004, (July 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.26.7.076004

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Optical coherence tomography, Tissues, Raman spectroscopy, Proteins, Signal attenuation, Neuroimaging, Signal detection, Nonlinear optics

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Significance: In neurosurgery, it is essential to differentiate between tumor and healthy brain regions to maximize tumor resection while minimizing damage to vital healthy brain tissue. However, conventional intraoperative imaging tools used to guide neurosurgery are often unable to distinguish tumor margins, particularly in infiltrative tumor regions and low-grade gliomas. Aim: The aim of this work is to assess the feasibility of a label-free molecular imaging tool called stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SRS-SOCT) to differentiate between healthy brain tissue and tumor based on (1) structural biomarkers derived from the decay rate of signals as a function of depth and (2) molecular biomarkers based on relative differences in lipid and protein composition extracted from the SRS signals. Approach: SRS-SOCT combines the molecular sensitivity of SRS (based on vibrational spectroscopy) with the spatial and spectral multiplexing capabilities of SOCT to enable fast, spatially and spectrally resolved molecular imaging. SRS-SOCT is applied to image a 9L gliosarcoma rat tumor model, a well-characterized model that recapitulates human high-grade gliomas, including high proliferative capability, high vascularization, and infiltration at the margin. Structural and biochemical signatures acquired from SRS-SOCT are extracted to identify healthy and tumor tissues. Results: Data show that SRS-SOCT provides light-scattering-based signatures that correlate with the presence of tumors, similar to conventional OCT. Further, nonlinear phase changes from the SRS interaction, as measured with SRS-SOCT, provide an additional measure to clearly separate tumor tissue from healthy brain regions. We also show that the nonlinear phase signals in SRS-SOCT provide a signal-to-noise advantage over the nonlinear amplitude signals for identifying tumors. Conclusions: SRS-SOCT can distinguish both spatial and spectral features that identify tumor regions in the 9L gliosarcoma rat model. This tool provides fast, label-free, nondestructive, and spatially resolved molecular information that, with future development, can potentially assist in identifying tumor margins in neurosurgery.

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Epi-illumination quantitative phase imaging (QPI) and 3D refractive index (RI) tomography in thick scattering samples with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11657, 1165706 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576926

KEYWORDS: Scattering, 3D image processing, Tomography, Refractive index, Phase imaging, Microscopy, Light scattering, Process modeling, Tissues, Optical transfer functions

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Quantitative phase imaging of thick scattering samples through a flexible fiber-optic bundle

Zhe Guang, Patrick Ledwig, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11653, 116531G (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576688

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Phase imaging, Fiber optics, Tissues, Photons, Imaging systems, Biomedical optics, Tumors, Statistical analysis, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Deep learning-based virtual staining of label-free ultraviolet (UV) microscopy images for hematological analysis

Nischita Kaza, Ashkan Ojaghi, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11655, 116550C (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576429

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Image segmentation, Image analysis, Blood, Biological research, Hematology, Gallium nitride, Diagnostics, Deep ultraviolet

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Epi-illumination tomographic quantitative phase imaging identifies brain tumor margins

Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Zhe Guang, Patrick Ledwig, Zhaobin Zhang, Stewart Neill, Jeffrey Olson, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11655, 116550S (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577216

KEYWORDS: Tumors, Brain, Tomography, Phase imaging, Neuroimaging, Tissues, Surgery, Tissue optics, Systems modeling, Standards development

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Label-free multi-spectral deep UV imaging of prostate cancer tissue

Soheil Soltani, Ashkan Ojaghi, Adeboye Osunkoya, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11655, 116550H (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579891

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Prostate cancer, Deep ultraviolet, Cancer, Visualization, Spatial resolution, Quantitative analysis, Proteins, Principal component analysis, Pathology

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Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. Moreover, identifying the most effective treatment strategy for an individual with prostate cancer strongly depends on the Gleason score (Grade group) of the disease. However, this task continues to be a significant clinical challenge in a subset of patients. Currently, the gold standard for grading prostate cancer is the Pathologist’s visual assessment of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histological sections, and designation of a Gleason score (Grade group) based on the top two most common Gleason grades. However, this process is subjective and thus prone to error and high variability, especially amongst non-Urologic Pathologists or those who are not aware of recent modifications to the grading system. In addition, variations in protocols for staining, could make quantitative analysis of stained tissues challenging in some cases. Therefore, there is a significant clinical need to develop additional complementary quantitative methods that can provide robust, objective, reproducible, and accurate information of the aggressiveness and grade of prostate cancer. Here we address this issue by imaging unstained tissue sections using multi-spectral deep-UV microscopy. This method enables us to obtain valuable quantitative insight into the aggressiveness and grade of the disease due to its subcellular spatial resolution and high sensitivity to many endogenous biomolecules, including nucleic acid and proteins. The approach uses a simple, fast and cost effective wide-field imaging configuration that is well-suited for pathology applications. Spectral signatures form wavelengths ranging from 220 nm to 450 nm are analyzed using a geometrical representation of principal component analysis. Our results reveal distinct morphological and molecular alterations in tissue as they progress from benign to cancerous, and as they become more aggressive (higher grade). In this research project, we delineated the design of the multispectral, deep UV microscope and described our quantitative and qualitative image analysis. Our results show that multispectral deep UV microscopy provides a quantitative measure to differentiate between prostate cancer patients with varying grades of cancer.

Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Deep-UV hyperspectral microscopy with phase and absorption-based contrast

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11653, 116530F (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582174

KEYWORDS: Deep ultraviolet, Microscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Spatial resolution, Molecular imaging, Interferometry, Imaging spectroscopy, Hyperspectral systems, Collagen, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Non-linear 3D tomographic object reconstruction of partially coherent broadband transmission illumination microscopy systems

Patrick Ledwig, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11653, 116530V (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579332

KEYWORDS: Tomography, Microscopy, 3D modeling, 3D image processing, Diffraction, 3D image reconstruction, Temporal coherence, Scattering, Refractive index, Phase contrast

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

Application of deep-ultraviolet microscopy in hematological assessment of neutropenia

Ashkan Ojaghi, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11651, 116510O (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2576929

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Deep ultraviolet, Blood, Point-of-care devices, Optical inspection, Cancer, Ultraviolet radiation, Statistical analysis, Hematology

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2020 Paper

Epi-mode tomographic quantitative phase imaging in thick scattering samples

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11251, 112511Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2547693

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Light scattering, Brain, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2020 Presentation + Paper

3D refractive index tomography with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Patrick Ledwig, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11245, 1124503 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544328

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Scattering, 3D modeling, Refractive index, Refraction, Phase contrast, Microscopy, Tomography, Deconvolution, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2020 Presentation + Paper

Deep UV microscopy of prostate cancer tissue

Soheil Soltani, Ashkan Ojaghi, Atsutse Kludze, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11243, 1124317 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546200

KEYWORDS: Prostate cancer, Tissues, Deep ultraviolet, Microscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Cancer, Spherical lenses, Spatial resolution, Proteins, Principal component analysis

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2020 Paper

Deep-ultraviolet microscopy for label-free hematological analysis

Ashkan Ojaghi, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11247, 112470B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2544999

KEYWORDS: Blood, Deep ultraviolet, Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Point-of-care devices, Hematology, Proteins, Visualization, Statistical analysis, Feature extraction

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2020 Paper

Quantitative phase imaging with epi-mode illumination for fiber-optic endoscopy

Zhe Guang, Patrick Ledwig, Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 11249, 112491T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546402

KEYWORDS: Endoscopy, Fiber optics, Microscopy, Phase imaging, Phase retrieval, Brain, Scattering, Light emitting diodes, Tissues, Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Paper

Ultraviolet hyperspectral interferometric microscopy

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 10888, 108880A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511967

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Interferometry, Spectroscopy, Refractive index, Molecular imaging, Absorption, Imaging spectroscopy, Deep ultraviolet

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Paper

Stimulated Raman scattering-spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SRS-SOCT): theory, applications and new developments

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 10890, 108900N (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510212

KEYWORDS: Multiphoton microscopy, Multiphoton spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy, Phase measurement, Molecular imaging, Laser development, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Presentation

Ultra-broad tunable low noise multi-color light source for multi-photon imaging and spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)

Heiko Linnenbank, Tobias Steinle, Florian Mörz, Moritz Floess, Francisco Robles, Stefan Kedenburg, Harald Giessen

Proceedings Volume 10882, 108820V (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510197

KEYWORDS: Optical parametric oscillators, Mid-IR, Imaging systems, Femtosecond phenomena, Ytterbium, Solid state electronics, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Light sources, Multiphoton spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2019 Paper

Ultraviolet multi-spectral microscopy using iterative phase-recovery from chromatic aberrations

Ashkan Ojaghi, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 10887, 108870M (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508972

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Blood, Chromatic aberrations, Deep ultraviolet, Interferometry, Computer simulations, Statistical analysis, Absorption, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2019 Paper

Label-free identification of neutropenia using deep-ultraviolet microscopy

Ashkan Ojaghi, Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 10885, 108850C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2508899

KEYWORDS: Blood, Deep ultraviolet, Microscopy, Proteins, Ultraviolet radiation, Absorption, Cancer, Image classification, Point-of-care devices, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2018 Presentation

Ultraviolet hyperspectral interferometric microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Francisco Robles

Proceedings Volume 10727, 1072709 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322493

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Interferometry, Microscopy, Deep ultraviolet, Molecular imaging, Cancer, Blood, Refractive index, Signal attenuation, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 19 April 2017 Presentation

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectroscopic OCT (Conference Presentation)

Francisco Robles, Kevin Zhou, Martin Fischer, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 10053, 100530X (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254829

KEYWORDS: Imaging spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Molecular spectroscopy, Raman scattering, Tissues, Coherence (optics), Multiplexing, Tomography

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Presentation

Dispersion-based stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, holography, and optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Francisco Robles, Martin Fischer, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 9712, 97120J (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212875

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Raman scattering, Raman spectroscopy, Holography, Multiplexing, Optical spectroscopy, Signal processing, Molecular imaging, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Presentation

Diagnosis and staging of female genital tract melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Francisco Robles, Maria Selim, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 9689, 968903 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212949

KEYWORDS: Melanoma, Microscopy, Metals, Diagnostics, Dental caries, Optical microscopy, Chemical analysis, Biopsy, Tissues, Molecular aggregates

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2014 Paper

Quantifying melanin distribution using pump-probe microscopy and a 2D morphological autocorrelation transformation for melanoma diagnosis

Francisco Robles, Jesse Wilson, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 8949, 89490M (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038704

KEYWORDS: Melanoma, Microscopy, Diagnostics, Molecules, Statistical analysis, Chemical analysis, Modulation, Optical parametric oscillators, Molecular imaging, Ultrafast imaging

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Proceedings Article | 4 March 2014 Paper

Performance comparison of different metrics for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography

Volker Jaedicke, Semih Agcaer, Francisco Robles, Marian Steinert, David Jones, Sebastian Goebel, Nils Gerhardt, Hubert Welp, Martin Hofmann

Proceedings Volume 8952, 89520Z (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2038891

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Optical spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy, Biomedical optics, Biological research, Optical spectroscopy imaging, Scattering, Tissue optics, Tissues

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 December 2013 Open Access

Quantifying melanin spatial distribution using pump-probe microscopy and a 2-D morphological autocorrelation transformation for melanoma diagnosis

Francisco Robles, Jesse Wilson, Warren Warren

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 12, 120502, (December 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.12.120502

KEYWORDS: Melanoma, Microscopy, Statistical analysis, Chemistry, Mathematical morphology, Diagnostics, Molecular imaging, Spatial resolution, Tissues, Laser beam diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 2013 Paper

Imaging pigment chemistry in melanocytic conjunctival lesions with pump-probe microscopy

Jesse Wilson, Lejla Vajzovic, Francisco Robles, Thomas Cummings, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 8567, 856718 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2003137

KEYWORDS: Melanoma, Microscopy, Biopsy, Chemistry, Principal component analysis, Skin, Microscopes, Modulation, In vivo imaging, Multiphoton microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2013 Paper

Adapting phasor analysis for nonlinear pump-probe microscopy

Francisco Robles, Jesse Wilson, Martin Fischer, Warren Warren

Proceedings Volume 8589, 858908 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2002600

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Molecules, Terahertz radiation, Statistical analysis, Signal analyzers, Chemistry, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Biological research, Laser beam diagnostics, Modulation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 2011 Open Access

Time-resolved imaging refractometry of microbicidal films using quantitative phase microscopy

Matthew Rinehart, Tyler Drake, Francisco Robles, Adam Wax, Lisa Rohan, David Katz

JBO, Vol. 16, Issue 12, 120510, (December 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3665439

KEYWORDS: Microscopy, Calibration, Water, Refractometry, Refractive index, Phase measurement, Biomedical engineering, Interferometry, Photonics, Structural engineering

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2011 Paper

Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry for detection of early colorectal cancer development in the AOM rat model

Francisco Robles, Yizheng Zhu, Jin Lee, Sheela Sharma, Adam Wax

Proceedings Volume 7907, 790712 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.872929

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Colon, Spectral resolution, Interferometry, Bragg cells, Optical coherence tomography, Spectroscopy, Statistical analysis, Colorectal cancer, Error control coding

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2010 Paper

Measuring structural features using a dual window method for light scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low coherence interferometry

Francisco Robles, Adam Wax

Proceedings Volume 7573, 757310 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842375

KEYWORDS: Light scattering, Optical coherence tomography, Spectroscopy, Scattering, Interferometry, Correlation function, Image processing, Imaging systems, Tissues, Spectral resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 2009 Open Access

Detecting precancerous lesions in the hamster cheek pouch using spectroscopic white-light optical coherence tomography to assess nuclear morphology via spectral oscillations

Robert Graf, Francisco Robles, Xiaoxin Chen, Adam Wax

JBO, Vol. 14, Issue 06, 064030, (November 2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3269680

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Tissue optics, Optical spectroscopy, Optical coherence tomography, Light scattering, Statistical analysis, Spectral data processing, Biomedical optics

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2009 Paper

Detecting neoplastic development in the hamster cheek pouch using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry

Robert Graf, Francisco Robles, Xiaoxin Chen, Adam Wax

Proceedings Volume 7187, 71870T (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809494

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, Spectroscopy, Light scattering, Scattering, Tissue optics, Tissues, Imaging systems, Spectral resolution, Interferometry, Optical coherence tomography

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2009 Paper

Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with high spectral and spatial resolution

Francisco Robles, Robert Graf, Adam Wax

Proceedings Volume 7168, 71680W (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809465

KEYWORDS: Optical coherence tomography, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Optical spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Signal processing, Fourier transforms, Tissue optics, Time-frequency analysis, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2009 Paper

Development of an integrated endoscopic device for multiplexed low coherence interferometry measurements of microbicide gel coating thickness

Tyler Drake, Francisco Robles, Michael DeSoto, Marcus Henderson, David Katz, Adam Wax

Proceedings Volume 7169, 71690R (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.809114

KEYWORDS: Multiplexing, Imaging systems, Luminescence, Endoscopes, Interferometry, Tissues, Optical fibers, Endoscopy, In vivo imaging, Signal detection

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Showing 5 of 62 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (16)

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2025

26 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXIII

25 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Quantitative Phase Imaging XI

25 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXII

27 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2024

27 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Quantitative Phase Imaging X

27 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2023

28 January 2023 | San Francisco, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXI

28 January 2023 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2022

23 January 2022 | San Francisco, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XX

23 January 2022 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2021

6 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XIX

6 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVIII

2 February 2020 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2020

1 February 2020 | San Francisco, California, United States

Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVII

3 February 2019 | San Francisco, California, United States

Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2019

2 February 2019 | San Francisco, California, United States

Showing 5 of 16 Conference Committees

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