KEYWORDS: Global system for mobile communications, Standards development, Control systems, General packet radio service, Telecommunications, Data communications, Network architectures, RF communications, Networks, Data transmission
GSM-R is a vital component inside the ERTMS which is also an essential element of European Community rail
projects; investment in equipping and the rolling stock with ERTMS could reach 5 billion eurodollars in the period
2007-2016. GSM-R is the result of over ten years of collaboration between the various European railway companies,
the railway communication industry and the different standardization bodies. GSM-R provides a secure platform
for voice and data communication between the operational staff of the railway companies including drivers,
dispatchers, shunting team members, train engineers, and station controllers. It delivers advanced features such
as group calls, voice broadcast, location based connections, and call pre-emption in case of an emergency,
which significantly improves communication, collaboration, and security management across operational staff members.
Taking into account the above mentioned, the paper will permit to audience to discover the GSM-R network
architecture, services and applications proposed by this technology together with the future development and
market situation due to the market liberalization.
The UMTS Bearer Independent Core Network program introduced the 3rd Generation Partnership Program Release 4 BICN architecture into the legacy UMTS TDM-switched network. BICN is the application of calI server archltecture for voice and circuit switched data, enabling the provisioning of traditional circuit-switched services using a packet-switched transport network. Today's business climate has made it essential for service providers to develop a comprehensive networking strategy that means introduction of RCBICN networks. The R4-BICN solution to the evolution of the Core Network in UMTS will enable operators to significantly reduce the capital and operational costs of delivering both traditional voice sewices and new multimedia services. To build the optical backbone, which can support the third generation (3G) packetized infrastructure, the operators could choose a fibre connection, or they could retain the benefits of a wireless connectivity by using a FSO - Free Space Optical link, the only wireless technology available that is capable of achieving data rates up to 2.4 Gbit/s. FSO offers viable alternatives for both core transmission networks and for replacing microwaves links in NodeB - RNC access networks. The paper and presentation aim to demonstrate the manner in which FSO products and networks are employed into R4-BICN design solutions.
Transmission of 80x40 Gbit/s channels has been simulated over straight-line 400 km NDSF with 100 GHz spacing and record 90-and-120 km amplifier spacing. The amplifier and fibre modules are designed for wide-band simulation and include file - input wavelength - dependent characteristics. All the simulations were done base on a very powerful software simulator tool - PDTS - produced by Virtual Photonics.
An optical transport network based on dense wavelength - division multiplexing DWDM technology is the next logical step in the evolution of Internet network. An Optical Internet network is defined as any Internet network where the network link layer connections are “dedicated” wavelengths on a Wave Division Multiplexed optical fibre directly connected to a high performance network router. The high performance network router replaces traditional ATM and SONET/SDH switching and multiplexing equipment, the essential statistical multiplexing device that controls wavelength access, switching, routing and protection. The optical amplifier is the key element that contributes to design an Optical Internet network. The design of an optical component and in particular an optical amplifier can directly and significantly affect the performance of an optical system. With the help of PTDS toll I will demonstrate the advantage of using L - band amplifiers especially for long - haul terrestrial or submarine DWDM systems in which thousands of amplifiers might be needed in a single transmission link. This is due to the exceptional feature that permits in a cascade configuration a very flat gain. It is demonstrated that L -band amplifier doesn’t require a gain-flattening fiber (GFF) compared to C -band amplifiers.
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