There are well known methods and equipments for measuring the specular (/directed) reflectance of a sample. There are quite different sample types such as laser mirrors or anti-reflectance material. Most of the common set-ups are not very flexible (e.g. only one angle ore only one wavelength), critical in accuracy, extremely expensive ore difficult to use. A new development from PerkinElmer tries to combine: high flexibility, high precision, easy to use, comparably low cost. The system is able to measure all type of samples from high reflectance to anti reflective coatings. It covers a large wavelength range of 185...3100 nm and is able to measure fully automated a couple of self-defined angles (8...68°) in S and P polarisation with only one interaction at the beginning (pressing the start button). No alignment is necessary in the daily use. The system works with an absolute measurement mode and therefore does not need any calibrated standard mirrors. The intent of this contribution is to introduce this new technology in comparison to traditional measurements.
For screening applications in pharmaceutical research and in environmental analysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous phase assays are already well-established. The large number of samples to be examined requires the measurement of a multisample arrangement by means of parallel techniques which are improved by miniturization. This has the additional advantage of reducing the volume of samples and reagents, coming close to nanoliter volumes. For both approaches (high throughput screening and multisample detection in environmental analysis) imaging read-out systems are used which allow simultaneous monitoring of biomolecular interaction processes. Two applications are demonstrated: direct optical detection techniques of the affinity reaction between thrombin and inhibitors, as well as pesticide detection in environmental analysis using resonance energy transfer.
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