The error performance of relay-aided underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) with wavelength diversity is investigated by considering the compound effects of absorption, scattering, and ocean turbulence. The outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) of the serial-relay UWOC system based on wavelength diversity are derived. The effects of different relay hops, wavelength diversity orders, and anisotropy factors on the system performance of the signal-combining methods are analyzed in detail. It is observed that relay-aided technology can increase the distance of the communication link and effectively alleviate the limitations of underwater wireless optical fading. The results also show that the wavelength diversity system can help to reduce the scintillation effect of ocean turbulence on the received light, thereby reducing the ABER and outage probability of the system. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more robust UWOC systems operating in turbulent oceans.
The issue of vergence-accommodation conflict in conventional stereoscopic displays has received considerable critical attention due to the lack of monocular focus cue. The super multi-view (SMV) based light field display is potentially capable of providing depth information to a monocular eye. In this paper, the depth resolution of SMV based light field display is deduced. Discrete depth plane can be reproduced by SMV based light field display, which is consistent with the nonuniform depth perception ability of the human eye. The retinal projected spot formation process of SMV based light field display from the display device to visual system is derived using Gaussian beams. The depth characteristic, the optimal choice of Gaussian beam, relationship between the synthetic PSF and viewpoints are discussed by simulation experiment. The present results can contribute to the design of SMV based light field displays with high-quality visual perception.
In a high-power underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system, the bandwidth limitations of high-power optical sources and high-sensitivity detectors and the multipath effect of seawater channels can cause intersymbol interference, which seriously affects the performance of the UWOC system. Based on the attenuation characteristics and time-domain broadening characteristics of underwater wireless optical signals, a dual-mode adaptive switching blind equalization algorithm is proposed; it combines the variable step size constant-to-mode fractional spaced equalizer (FSE) algorithm and the decision directed least-mean-square mode-FSE algorithm to improve the performance of long-distance UWOC systems. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm has antinoise performance under different seawater qualities. In particular, with a bit error rate performance of 10 − 4 in coastal seawater, the signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed algorithm is 5.2 dB lower than the traditional constant-to-mode decision directed least-mean-square algorithm and 9.2 dB lower than that when the algorithm is not equalized.
The performance analysis of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) with digital pulse interval modulation in anisotropy oceanic turbulence environment is investigated. We aim at the packet error rate (PER) of UOWC system using Gaussian-Schell model beam and avalanche photodiode receiver. Based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel principle, the received light intensity is derived. The effects of PER variations with anisotropy factor, modulation order of DPIM, coherent parameters of the GSM and the ratio of temperature to salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum are investigated.
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