In this paper, we review special high bandwidth multimode fiber and their role in upgrade path of
optical interconnection to 40Gbps and 100Gbps in green data centers and high performance
computing.
Jinkee Kim, David Peckham, Alan McCurdy, John Fini, Peter Borel, Kariofilis Konstadinidis, Peter Weimann, Richard Norris, Fengqing Wu, Robert Lingle, David Mazzarese, John George, Andrew Oliviero
As deployment of fiber to the home (FTTH) within multiple dwelling units (MDUs) is growing, more technicians will be
involved in the deployment of optical drop cables, and there is a desire to use craft and practice similar to what is used
for copper cables. We introduce a solid bend insensitive fiber in this application that is backwards compatible to G.652D
fiber, and has macrobending, splice loss and system performance to meet the very demanding conditions of these
applications. A closer look at the demands of this environment has made it necessary to re-evaluate reliability in these
critical applications. We apply the Power Law Model to predict reliability in these demanding applications, and provide
experimental evaluation of the model through testing on optical fibers and cables. It will be shown that bends and tension
need to be considered together when evaluating the reliability of the passive optical plant.
The 7.1-magnitude earthquake on December 26, 2006 in the Strait of Luzon resulted in the failure of several
submarine cable systems. Seven of the nine cables that pass through the strait were damaged, disrupting
communications to China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and Singapore. This recent event highlighted the
dependence of international communications on submarine fiber optic transmission systems.
This paper will review the evolution of optical fiber transmission line technology that has been deployed in the
long haul undersea telecommunications network. It will start with a discussion of the chronological evolution
of the optical fiber transmission line architecture in section one, then give more detail regarding the
technology that is still being deployed today.
Novel two-dimensional (2-D) optical polarization switching array-based photonic time delay units (PTDUs) have been introduced for phased array antenna and wideband signal processing applications. The use of low loss optical fibers allows remoting of the photonic beamformer, along with providing a compact, lightweight, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) microwave frequency signal interconnection and distribution method, such as needed for very large aperture wide instantaneous bandwidth phased array antennas/radars. However, there are losses associated with multiple fiber interconnects that limit the maximum number of array channels in these systems. Thus, accurate analysis of such losses is crucial to the design of an optimal photonic fiber-based system. In this paper, we present theoretical design and simulation results on optical fiber array interconnects for our 2-D N bit M channel photonic beamformer for wideband phased array antennas. In addition, we discuss an alignment technique for the large channel count fiber arrays proposed for our beamformer that uses V-grooved silicon wafers. Note that these precise V- groove structures are fabricated via crystallographic perfection of the substrate, accurate alignment of the etch pattern with respect to the crystal planes, and optimized etch conditions. This paper discusses these and other fiber array issues.
As part of the activities of the ARPA-funded, Ultra-Fast Optical Communication Consortium, hardware is being developed which is designed to provide an interface between a parallel array of 1 Gb/s electronic data sources and a 100 Gb/s, single-wavelength fiber optic channel. The input device is an integrated-optic tapped delay line (TDL) whose taps are set by the parallel electrical data streams which are then strobed by a 2 psec pulse to create an n-but optical word with an internal data rate of 100 Gb/s. A prototype device which uses arrays of fixed TIPE gratings for beam splitting and combining and which uses an array of electro-optic gratings as switched is currently being fabricated in a planar LiNbO3 waveguide. Preliminary results and alternative TDL designs will be discussed. The output device, which employs waveguide second harmonic generation in a specially-designed GaAlAs waveguide, converts the temporal optical word into a spatial array of optical signals which can be detected in parallel. Experimental results will be presented which demonstrate that the serial-to-parallel converter can operate at rates exceeding 100 Gb/s, and can be expected to result in bit error rates of better than 10-9 in a high-speed data link. The use of the integrated optic devices in CDMA as well as TDMA systems will be discussed.
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