It is very important to study on lightning activities in Northeast China since it is the area of lightning fire with the highest
frequency. Spatial and temporal distributions of lightning activities were analyzed based on Lightning Imaging Sensor
(LIS)/ Optical Transient Detector (OTD) data provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Also the reasons of lightning fire were investigated through its spatial and temporal distributions, lightning activities,
Digital Elevation Models (DEM), vegetative cover types, and meteorological factors. Results showed that there are more
lightning activities in Hulunbeier and Heihe than other places, especially in July. But lightning fire occurred mainly in
the area of Daxinganling, Hulunbeier and Heihe, and the most frequencies of lightning fire happened in June. The reason
why there were few lightning activities but a lot of lightning fire in Daxinganling could be explained by the widely distributed
combustible vegetative cover types and the mountainous areas where easily produce thunderstorm which is
affected by atmospheric circulation. Results also suggested that the peak of lightning fire in these areas is in June but the
peak of lightning activities in July. This phenomenon could be accounted for by the more precipitation in July but the
more droughts in June. Overall, these researches will shed light on the understanding of lightning fire in order to prevent,
control, or even utilize it.
Fuel moisture content (FMC) is an important parameter in determining fire risk and fire behavior. Direct measurement of FMC in the field is very costly and time consuming. Therefore, remote sensing becomes the effective method to retrieve FMC at large scale. Short wave infrared (SWIR) band reflectance has been found negatively related to leaf water content and most of the researches are conducted at leaf level. Here SWIR and NIR (Near Infrared) bands of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used to retrieve FMC at canopy level in Northeast China forest. The result shows that the combination of MODIS band 7 and 2 presented the best results for FMC estimates. It is also found that forest fires prone to spread along the dryer area.
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