In order to solve the problems of redundant data acquisition and sparse ground points in dense vegetation areas by conventional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning methods, an UAV-airborne LiDAR route optimization method for dense vegetation areas is proposed. First, based on the high-resolution true color remote sensing images of the study area, the “fuzzy” calculation of vegetation coverage for route planning is completed. Then, an optimized ant colony algorithm is proposed for route planning, which introduces vegetation coverage as a reference for route planning and optimizes the pheromone initialization, state transfer rules, pheromone calculation, and update strategies in the classical ant colony algorithm to obtain more ground points. The experimental results show that this method can take into account the vegetation coverage of the flight area and find the area with low vegetation coverage to complete the route planning and efficiently use the sweeping principle of three-dimensional laser scanning to improve the probability of ground point acquisition, with faster iteration speed than the classical ant colony algorithm, and improve the efficiency of ground point acquisition in dense vegetation areas.
The UAV flight plan should comprehensively consider the influence of slope environment, slope safety level, geological conditions, UAV flight conditions and other factors, so as to determine the applicable environment and conditions for rapid and fine patrol inspection and define the patrol inspection plan for different types of slopes under different safety status and other levels. Combined with the current and future project inspection requirements and inspection contents, the main contents and inspection requirements for UAV inspection to obtain high-definition images under different inspection schemes are formulated. The development of highway slope inspection equipment was carried out. According to the slope inspection requirements and inspection contents, the selection principle of UAV was determined, including camera accuracy, hovering stability, camera zoom and focusing, etc. Finally, the "Royal" mavic two zoom version produced by Dajiang company was selected as the slope inspection equipment. The UAV slope inspection equipment has been developed, and the functions of slope inspection task establishment, task execution, image shooting, uploading and downloading have been successfully realized. The standardized operation process and method of UAV patrol inspection are established.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Visual process modeling, Data modeling, 3D visualizations, 3D acquisition, 3D displays, Solid modeling, Computer aided design, Eye models, Visualization
The three-dimensional vector model of slope and structure plays an extremely important role in slope stability evaluation, engineering treatment and maintenance. A 3D visualization model of slope structure was built, the vector information was presented, and a display module was developed in this paper. To be more specific, the 3D model of slope stratum was fabricated and edited via 3DS Max. Next, the modeling flow of stratum and its optimization scheme were established. The shooting requirements and specifications were proposed for the multi-angle acquisition of handheld camera. According to the data files of structure, the file plug-ins of slope monitoring equipment were edited and fabricated through 3DS Max. Based on the superposition of 3D model, the vector information of slope structure was added to the corresponding 3D slope model to realize the presentation and display of its vector information. On this basis, functions like distance measurement and area measurement were developed in accordance with related engineering requirements, expecting to facilitate the practical engineering application.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Data modeling, Visual process modeling, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Process modeling, Cameras, Visualization, 3D visualizations, 3D displays, Mathematical modeling
Through the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various unmanned aerial vehicles in terms of flight method, Altizure APP was used for data collection during automated flights based on the slope types and features. The parameters of the software were studied and analyzed, and the best range of the parameter values during aerial filming of the slope was proposed. By comparing flight performance, the path planning scheme was optimized. The research on the construction of a three-dimensional visual model of roadbed slope was carried out. Given the pros and cons of the existing mainstream software, PhotoScan and Altizure were combined for modeling. The model construction process was developed, and the modeling effect under the influence of each parameter was analyzed through experiments, and the optimal parameter control was determined through continuous debugging. In the end, the multi-format three-dimensional model was transformed into a lightweight intermediate format data method. By doing so, WebGL-based display can be realized directly in the browser, which greatly reduces the model size and improves the loading and display speed of the model on the web page.
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