Dr. Luis Ledezma Profile

Dr. Luis Ledezma

at Caltech

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Visible and near-IR entangled photon generation and UV second harmonic generation with lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides for on-chip spectroscopy

Emily Hwang, Nathan Harper, Ryoto Sekine, Luis Ledezma, Alireza Marandi, Scott Cushing

Proceedings Volume 12869, 1286907 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000100

KEYWORDS: Second harmonic generation, Waveguides, Ultraviolet radiation, Lithium niobate, Quantum entanglement, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Thin film devices

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Entangled photon pairs generated by a low-power continuous-wave laser could replicate pulsed laser-based tabletop spectroscopy by taking advantage of the inherent quantum correlations between the photons. Much of the current work in the thin-film lithium niobate platform has focused on infrared wavelengths, leaving shorter wavelengths still a largely unexplored space, particularly for spectroscopy. In this work, we have fabricated periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides for entangled photon generation through spontaneous parametric downconversion with a visible pump (406 nm). Characterization of the waveguided pair source confirms the spectral and temporal correlations of energy-time entangled photons with an on-chip pair generation efficiency of (2.3 ± 0.5) × 1011 pairs/s/mW, brightness of (1.6 ± 0.3) × 109 pairs/s/mW/nm, and two-photon interference visibility greater than 99%. With the same material platform, we have also demonstrated second harmonic generation with on-chip powers up to 30 μW and wavelengths as low as 355 nm, demonstrating lithium niobate’s potential for ultraviolet nonlinear photonics and frequency doubling in the UV-A spectral region. Through design of larger cross-section waveguides, we have also explored how variations in the lithium niobate thin film thickness can affect quasi-phase matching. To date, this is the first reported demonstration of periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides for spontaneous parametric downconversion at a fully visible pump wavelength (406 nm) as well as second harmonic generation in the UV (355 nm). Future work towards fully on-chip spectroscopy will explore integrating an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the entangled photon source.

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