Silver protected is one of the most required coating for space observation telescopes covering the wavelength range from 430 nm to infra-red. Many challenges have to be addressed in such coatings including high efficiency over the wide spectrum, high durability with behavior in AIT conditions and during flight. Thales SESO has already produced more than 166 total space mirrors from which 87 are flying successfully since many years. Most of them are coated with protected silver coatings. For over the past 20 years, Thales SESO has enhanced the characteristics of our coating related to its durability in acceptance test conditions, its mechanical stability when going to vacuum and its behavior toward space aggressions such as ATOX or radiations. A lot of the corresponding developments were substantially sustained by CNES, together with Thales Alenia Space through different French programs. Previous realizations include Pléiades, French national program, MTG mirrors both for sounders (IRS instrument) and imagers (FCI instrument), Sentinel 3 with Na and Ob mirrors and different other export programs. The last improvements were made in the frame of TANGO program for Thales Alenia Space/CNES, with improved adhesion during acceptance tests, with ability to apply the full coating process on sub-assemblies including glued parts, and with reduction in the stress induced on the substrate. The performance and uniformity were demonstrated on 1700 mm diameter in Thales SESO STEP large coating chamber. Through these different developments Thales SESO has gained maturity in the contribution of the coating on stress induced in the mirror as well as its stability when going to vacuum. We now perfectly anticipate this effect in the polishing process. Here after, you find an overview of the Thales SESO realizations starting from Pléiades first results to the status achieved with the last improvements on TANGO program and future prospective developments.
For space Astronomy as well as Earth Observation from space, more and more focal plane instruments are operating in the near or mid infrared and require optics operating at cryogenic temperature. The challenge here is to design an optical system reaching all optics, mechanics and thermal requirements. Thales SESO is presently under manufacturing of different opto-mechanical sub-assemblies for Meteosat Third Generation program. The imager missions MTG-I will produce images of the Earth simultaneously in different spectral channels, ranging from the visible spectrum to thermal infra-red, in order to fulfill the scientific, governmental & population needs. The sounder mission MTG-S addresses some interferometric measurements in the MWIR and LWIR ranges on the same instrument. The four CO-I objectives and the four one of CO-S work in different infrared ranges, thus, materials and coating have been chosen and designed especially for each spectral group. Each objectives is a stack of lenses bonded into barrels, themselves bonded inside a main barrel. Each objective is optimized based on the opto-mechanical values measured on each component. The objectives need to resist to mechanical and thermal environments in terms of opto-mechanical stability and work under vacuum, thus, with cleanliness specifications. All these requirements need to be taken into account on the design of different part of the cold optics. Through this on-going realization, the main technical issues and corresponding solutions in terms of design, manufacturing and testing of lens assemblies, mirrors and relevant optical coatings will be pointed out.
Molecular adhesion is a well-known process used on terrestrial optics and other fields. This process consists in joining two surfaces without the use of any adhesive or additional material. Molecular adhesion is a high-precision production process, and assemblies obtained present a dimensional stability due to the absence of mechanical part or glue. In addition, since no adhesive materials are used in this process, the risks of contamination associated with degassing are avoided. Based on this benefits, this process is of particular interest for optical system manufacturing for spatial applications. For over the past 20 years, Thales SESO develop its own process of molecular adhesion. For example among others, it has been applied on the manufacturing of Fabry-Perot interferometers. Such as fused silica Fabry-Perot for ALADIN program in the frame of AEOLUS mission (launched in August 2018) or fused silica/Zerodur® Fabry-Perot for ATLID program. Both interferometer have under vacuum cavity. On the ATLID Fabry-Perot the sealing is also made using molecular adhesion. Back then, the molecular adhesion mechanical strength admissible was around 1 MPa. Then, Thales SESO improve its molecular adhesion process - through lots of collaborations with CNES and other partners – in order to be able to bond more complex designs and increase the mechanical resistance. Today the molecular adhesion mechanical strength admissible has been multiplied by a factor five. Those improvement have been applied in the frame of the Third Generation Meteorological satellite (MTG-IRS) for the manufacturing of corner cubes in accordance with the mechanical and thermal environments of a geostationary orbit coupled with very strict optical performances. Today, several corner cubes have been manufactured, and the strength of adhered bond have been demonstrated in terms of thermal, shock and random solicitations through mechanical qualifications. The major advantage of molecular adhesion for the corner cube application is the stability of the WFE under vacuum – which have been also demonstrated. Here, an overview of the Thales SESO realizations starting from Fabry-Perot first results to the latest results on corner cubes performances as well as the future of molecular adhesion for space applications imagined by Thales SESO.
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