Modern optical technologies require the miniaturization and planarization of the optical devices that leads to an urgent need for efficient control of localized light. In this aspect, surface electromagnetic waves on two-dimensional structures and materials attract a lot of attention, and can potentially become the main information carriers in planar data processing optical systems. In this work, for the first time, we investigate theoretically, numerically and experimentally the properties of surface waves at the self-complementary metasurfaces obeying Babinet’s duality principle.
The main features demonstrated in this manuscript are: (1) All-frequency hyperbolicity of the self-complementary metasurface. This feature is in sharp contrast to the artificial resonant two-dimensional hyperbolic structures where the hyperbolic regime is defined by the spectral width between the resonances. (2) Extremely canalized propagation of surface waves that can be switched between orthogonal directions by small frequency detuning. First, we demonstrate the plasmon canalization with a record minimum divergence. Second, we show the routing of canalized surface wave. (3) The polarization degeneracy of the surface waves supported by a self-complementary metasurface. The spectrum of any isotropic medium is always double-degenerate with respect to polarization, but for surface waves the polarization degeneracy is not fulfilled. In this work, we explicitly demonstrate the polarization degeneracy of TE- and TM-polarized surface waves paving a way to a number of applications from planar polarizer of surface waves to polarization demultiplexer.
The results obtained open new opportunities for the planar optical and photonic devices, optical data transfer and processing systems, and antennas applications.
Coupling of light into optical fibers is important for many applications, while for commonly used step-index optical fibers it massively drops for oblique incident angles <15 degrees, limiting their operational range to a narrow angle interval. In this work, we address this issue via inclusion of dielectric concentric ring-type nanostructures located in the core region of commercially available step-index fibers. Modification of fiber facet with the optimized ring-like nanostructure leads to polarization- and azimuthally-independent enhancement of in-coupling efficiency across the entire angle interval from 15 to 85 degrees. We develop the analytical model and show the percent-level of light in-coupling efficiency even at angles as large as 70 degrees, addressing a domain that is out-of-reach for fibers with unstructured end faces. The main result of this work is the enhancement of the in-coupling efficiency at large incident angles (<30 degrees) by several orders of magnitude with respect to a bare fiber. The results obtained are promising for any application that demands to remotely collect light under large angles, such as in-vivo spectroscopy, biosensing or quantum technology.
One of the most important problems of metamaterials and metasurfaces research is the derivation and the analysis of the effective parameters. They allow to examine the structure without singling out each element and it is the significant advantage for practical use. Recently, it has been shown that in virtue of a subwavelength thickness metasurfaces can be described within an effective conductivity approach. Such an effective surface conductivity describes the properties of a metasurface in the far-field as well as in the near-field. We derive and analyze the effective surface conductivity of a plasmonic resonant anisotropic metasurface theoretically and numerically. With the help of obtained effective conductivity we study the near-field properties of this metasurface, in particular, the equal frequency contours of surface waves. We show the topological transition from elliptical to hyperbolic-like dispersion regime for the surface waves on a hyperbolic metasurface. Finally, we study the influence of spatial dispersion on the eigenmodes spectrum and analyze the hyperbolic regime of a metasurface with strong spatial dispersion.
We have analyzed total spin angular momentum of surface waves localized at a metasurface described within an effective conductivity approach. We show that hybrid TE-TM polarized surface waves propagating along the anisotropic metasurface provide unprecedented control over the spin angular momentum of light. The obtained results can be used in a number of photonic applications.
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