Graphene quantum dots (GQD) are one of the most promising antimicrobial agents since they possess high germicidal activity against a broad range of microbes. In our project, we aim to investigate GQD with methylene blue (MB) as an effective, inexpensive and available compound which will hold even higher antimicrobial activity and lower toxicity toward human blood. GQDs were grown by focusing nanosecond laser pulses into benzene and were later combined with MB. The Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive bacteria, Micrococcus luteus, were deactivated by GQD/MB. Detailed characterization was performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Furthermore, MBGQD singlet oxygen generation was investigated by measuring the rate of photobleaching. Combining MB with GQDs caused enhanced singlet oxygen generation. Our results show that the MB-GQD combination is more effective than QGD and MB alone in destroying bacteria. MTT assay was used to determine if GQDs in dark conditions caused human cellular side-effects and affected cancer and non-cancer cellular viability. We found that even high concentrations of GQDs do not alter viability under dark conditions. These results suggest that the MB-GQD combination is a promising form of photodynamic therapy. Further, the cytotoxicity of GQDs, MB and MB-GQD mixture toward MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated.
we use a nanosecond laser pulses to create shock waves on material surface. using those shock waves, we are able to generate any three dimensional template with high fidelity. Currently, we use this technique to create shape memory effect on shape memory alloys and other materials. This is a fast environmental friendly and low cost technique.
An advanced direct imprinting method with low cost, quick, and minimal environmental impact to create a thermally controllable surface pattern using the laser pulses is reported. Patterned microindents were generated on Ni50Ti50 shape memory alloys and aluminum using an Nd: YAG laser operating at 1064 nm combined with a suitable transparent overlay, a sacrificial layer of graphite, and copper grid. Laser pulses at different energy densities, which generate pressure pulses up to a few GPa on the surface, were focused through the confinement medium, ablating the copper grid to create plasma and transferring the grid pattern onto the surface. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscope images show that various patterns were obtained on the surface with high fidelity. One-dimensional profile analysis indicates that the depth of the patterned sample initially increases with the laser energy and later levels off. Our simulations of laser irradiation process also confirm that high temperature and high pressure could be generated when the laser energy density of 2 J/cm2 is used.
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a unique class of smart materials and they were employed in various applications in engineering, biomedical, and aerospace technologies. Here, we report an advanced, efficient, and low-cost direct imprinting method with low environmental impact to create thermally controllable surface patterns. Patterned microindents were generated on Ni50Ti50 (at. %) SMAs using an Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength at 10 Hz. Laser pulses at selected fluences were focused on the NiTi surface and generated pressure pulses of up to a few GPa. Optical microscope images showed that surface patterns with tailorable sizes can be obtained. The depth of the patterns increases with laser power and irradiation time. Upon heating, the depth profile of SMA surfaces changed where the maximum depth recovery ratio of 30 % was observed. Recovery ratio decreased and saturated at about 15 % when the amount of time and thus the indent depth was increased. Laser-induced shock wave propagation inside the material was simulated and showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The stress wave closely followed the rise time of the laser pulse to its peak value and initial decay. Rapid attenuation and dispersion of the stress wave were observed.
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