In this study, a diversity of the human lacrimal canaliculus (LC) shape was shown using dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) method. D-OCT is a method of clear imaging of a fluid using a contrast agent. LC plays an important role in tear drainage system and it is expected to assess LC in detail without pain of subjects. Non-invasive and non-contact OCT imaging of LC of 6 eyes of 3 subjects was performed. The LC images were cut out by applying the D-OCT method and three-dimensionally reconstructed to evaluate the characteristics of LC. Although no significant difference was found between the left and right LCs of the same subject, it was shown that individual differences were remarkable.
In this study, the human lacrimal canaliculus (LC), an important segment of the lacrimal drainage system, was imaged using dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) and the 3D structure of the LC was rendered. In D-OCT system, a turbid commercial ophthalmic solution was used as an extrinsic contrast agent. The lumen boundary of the LC appeared clearer in D-OCT images compared with simple static OCT images, making segmentation easier. D-OCT was performed by calculating the sum of the squared differences of intensities with two different normalization parameters. By color-combining these two D-OCT images and static OCT image, using image calculation software, the contrast agent and the lumen boundary can be clearly separated. 3D volumetric images of the LCs are demonstrated.
is vacant or filled with material having a refractive index different from the tissue, the observed structure is deformed
significantly. This deformation artifact can be minimized by filling the cavity with liquid having a refractive index nearly
equal to the tissue. Furthermore, by using dynamical OCT method, cavity image intensity can be significantly enhanced
compared with the tissue. This image contrast improvement may allow imaging of cavity structures inside deep in tissues.
In this paper, we demonstrate good contrast of speckle variance OCT imaging of phantoms. A trial of deep OCT imaging
is introduced with which we can extend the OCT depth range to 27.5 mm with a commercial swept source, while the preinstalled
k-clock allows only the OCT depth range of 5 mm.
For investigation of accommodation and presbyopia, the ciliary body and its dynamics were imaged with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) method. We used two OCT systems; a discretely-swept frequency-comb OCT with a center wavelength at 1.6µ and ultra-fast spectral domain OCT with a center wavelength at 1.3μm. Measurements of dynamical modification of the ciliary body were carried out with ranging in age from 22 to 79. The OCT images and movies represent the changes of the ciliary body in the relaxed state and accommodated state. Modification in the ciliary body with accommodation was more evident for the younger subject group from the results of 2D imaging. The time dependent 3D movies of ciliary body dynamics were observed for the first time using ultra-fast spectral domain OCT system. The time duration of ciliary body thickness change in relation to the accommodation was measured from the movies.
We have developed swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with an optical comb swept source
system. The swept source system comprised of two super-structured grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers covering a
wavelength range from 1561-1693 nm. A method to scan these lasers to obtain an interference signal without stitching
noises, which are inherent in these lasers, and to connect two lasers without concatenation noise is explained. Method to
reduce optical aliasing noises in this optical comb swept laser OCT is explained and demonstrated based on the
characteristic of the optical aliasing noises in this particular OCT system. By reduction of those noises, a sensitivity of
124 dB was realized. The A-scan rate, resolution and depth range were 3.1 kHz, 16 μm (in air) and 12 mm, respectively.
Deep imaging penetration into tissue is demonstrated for two selected samples.
Dental implantation has become popular in dental treatments. Although careful planning is made to identify vital
structures such as the inferior alveolar nerve or the sinus, as well as dimensions of the bone, prior to commencement of
surgery, dental implantation is not fully free from risks. If a diagnostic tool is available to objectively measure bone
feature before surgery and dimensions during surgery, considerable fraction of the risks may be avoided. Optical
coherence tomography (OCT) is a candidate for the purpose, which enables cross-sectional imaging of bone. In this
work, we performed in vitro cross-sectional imaging of extracted pig's jawbone with swept source OCT using
superstructure-grating distributed Bragg reflector (SSG-DBR) laser as the source. The relatively long wavelength range
of 1600nm of the laser is suitable for deeper bone imaging. We confirmed an image penetration depth of about 3 mm in
physical length, which satisfies one of the criterions to apply OCT for in vivo diagnosis of bone during surgery.
We describe a high-speed long-depth range optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system employing a long-coherence length tunable source and demonstrate dynamic full-range imaging of the anterior segment of the eye including from the cornea surface to the posterior capsule of the crystalline lens with a depth range of 12 mm without removing complex conjugate image ambiguity. The dependence of the whole anterior segment change on time following abrupt relaxation from the accommodated to the relaxed status
was measured for a healthy eye and that with an intraocular lens.
KEYWORDS: Air contamination, Photomasks, Raman spectroscopy, Molybdenum, Particles, Chemical analysis, Quartz, Ions, Testing and analysis, Scanning electron microscopy
ArF lithography sometimes generates the haze defects on the photomask substrate, resulting in serious yield deterioration
in ULSI production. In order to solve this problem, experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out on the
generated haze defects. In characterizing the haze defects, the composition and chemical structure of the haze defects
were analyzed by focusing on 1.0 x 0.3μm sizes defects using Raman, ToF-SIMS and AES spectroscopy with their
highest spatial and mass resolution level. To confirm the experimental analyses, theoretical ab initio molecular orbital
calculations were carried out on the model compounds of the generated haze defects. These experimental and theoretical
studies indicate that the haze defects on quartz surface consist of (NH4)2SO4 and that those on half-tone (HT) film
surface, on the other hand, consist of (MoO3)x(SO4)y(NH4)z complex including Mo from HT film material. In the latter
case, NH4 ion was observed only in surface region of the haze defects. Based on these results, we have proposed a novel
model of haze generation mechanism on quartz and HT film surfaces of photomask substrate.
We describe preliminary results of high-speed 2-dimensional Doppler OCT measurement using a unique optical
frequency domain imaging (OFDI) system. SSG-DBR laser is the light source from which wave number is swept
discretely over predetermined absolute values in equal wave number interval with constant output intensity.
Multi-sampling at each wave number enables us to reconstruct multiple images by 1 transversal scan, and the
2 dimensional flow image is reconstructed from the phase Doppler shift between 2 successive images. Maximum
detectable velocity is restricted by sampling rate, which is higher than A-scan flow has been carried out with this system adopting Kasai velocity estimator. The results predict
that the method is valid for stationary flow.
We describe a high-speed Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) using optical de-multiplexers for
spectral dispersion of interferograms. The optical de-multiplexer enables to separate 256 narrow spectral bands from a
broadband incident light in 25.0 GHz frequency interval centered at 192.2 THz (1559.8 nm) and allows simultaneous
detection of all the bands at the speed of DAQ. Using the optical de-multiplexers into a Fourier domain OCT system as
spectral analyzers, OCT imaging of 60,000,000 axial scans per second has been achieved. Using a resonant scanner for
lateral scan, 16 kHz frame rate, 1400 A-lines per frame, 3 mm depth range, 23 micron meter resolution OCT imaging has
been demonstrated.
We propose another window function used in production process of A-line by Fourier transform in optical frequency domain imaging. It is shown that cosine tapered window has an advantage over Gaussian window employed conventionally.
We evaluate the image penetration depth of optical-frequency domain imaging into the biomedical tissue at longer wavelengths.
The light sources are fiber laser at the center wavelength of 1310 nm and at the center wavelength of 1550 nm. These sources provide frequency scan rate of up to 8 kHz over a wavelength range of 110 nm at 1310 nm with ~10 μm axial resolution and a wavelength range of 150 nm at 1550 nm with ~12 μm axial resolution. OCT tomograms of soft and hard tissues acquired at 1310 nm are compared to those obtained at 1550 nm.
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