Dr. Robert Sundberg Profile

Dr. Robert Sundberg

President Emeritus at Spectral Sciences Inc

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (40)

Proceedings Article | 1 November 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Spectral-spatial ground targets for measurement of airborne electro-optical imaging system performance

Robert Sundberg, James Grassi, Michael Kogan, Cory Garms, Paul Corlies, Neil Goldstein, Bridget Tannian, Megan Stark, Marsha Fox, Timothy Perkins, Ronald Hardgrove, Karapet Gyurjyan, Steven Santaniello, Todd Christensen, Vu Hoang

Proceedings Volume 13200, 132000U (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030794

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Cameras, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Tunable filters, Imaging systems, Long wavelength infrared, Diffusers, Design, Reflectivity

Read Abstract +

Targets located on the Precision Impact Range Area (PIRA) of Edwards AFB are used to evaluate imaging systems’ sensitivity and spatial resolution to ensure they meet specified requirements. Spectral Sciences, Inc., is developing a field-ready electro-optical sensor calibration/test system for airborne instruments from the visible through longwave infrared. This spectral region is particularly challenging because of the contributions from both solar and thermal fluxes. The system is composed of spectral-spatial ground targets and atmospheric characterization instruments. The design challenges for a new ground target installation applicable over short to long ranges and a broad optical spectrum include: 1) development of an innovative spectral-spatial, high contrast, high uniformity, knife edge target for determination of the spatial characteristics of the imaging system under test, such as the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and Relative Edge Response (RER), Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), linearity and more; 2) development and implementation of a suite of auxiliary instruments to quantify the atmospheric effects, such as line-of-sight (LOS) turbulence, surface temperatures, humidity, and visibility; 3) development of targets with stable, quantifiable spectral response that can be used for evaluation for the spectral characteristics of multi- or hyperspectral imaging systems; and 4) engineering the target set for simplified long-term maintenance and durability. In this paper we report on the development of a prototype 2m by 2m thermally controlled knife edge target. The target is composed of four 1m by 1m panels each of which has independent temperature control and face surface materials which can be exchanged with other panel faces to produce patterns or spectral features. The full prototype system can be rotated and tipped to maximize the surface area apparent to a sensor system under test. The paper includes initial field measurements of the target array using visible, MWIR and LWIR imaging systems.

Proceedings Article | 23 October 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Calibration of Earth observing spectral imagers vicariously and with a controlled ground-based array

M. Fox, R. Sundberg, R. Shroll, M. Stark, J. Grassi, M. Kogan, N. Goldstein, B. Tannian, B. St. Peter, C. Garms, P. Corlies, J. Gelbord

Proceedings Volume 13143, 131430U (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3031403

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Satellites, Sensors, Modulation transfer functions, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Long wavelength infrared, Imaging systems, Atmospheric modeling, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 7 June 2024 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Atmospheric correction using diffusion models and MODTRAN for constrained training

David Stelter, Ethan Brewer, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 13031, 130310C (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012882

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Reflectivity, Emissivity, Data modeling, Atmospheric corrections, Short wave infrared radiation, Mid-IR, Machine learning

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Diffusion learning for atmospheric correction

David Stelter, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 12688, 1268802 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677771

KEYWORDS: Machine learning, Diffusion, Neural networks, Atmospheric corrections, Reflectivity, Atmospheric physics, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

The impact of topographic shadows on subpixel target detection

Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 12688, 1268803 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2675427

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Shadows, Reflectivity, Simulations, Scene simulation, Light sources and illumination, Monte Carlo methods, Image segmentation, Atmospheric modeling, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2023 Paper

Paper

Flight testing and characterization of THIA: a terrestrial hyperspectral imaging apparatus for ecological, agricultural, and mining applications

B. Tannian, N. Goldstein, M. Fox, M. Stark, R. Sundberg, K. Davis, L. Chmielewski

Proceedings Volume 12519, 125190G (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663813

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Spectrographs, Spatial resolution, Modulation transfer functions, Image sensors, Calibration, Hyperspectral imaging, Agriculture

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation

Presentation

Target detection modeling under poorly illuminated conditions

Sandra Wiseman, Robert Sundberg, Timothy Perkins

Proceedings Volume 12235, 122350D (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633598

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Atmospheric modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Image segmentation, Signal to noise ratio, Scattering, Target acquisition, Signal detection, Sensors, Sensor performance

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

An improved in-scene atmospheric retrieval and correction algorithm for long-wavelength infrared hyperspectral imagery

Lawrence Bernstein, Jonathan Gelbord, Steven Adler-Golden, Nevzat Guler, Robert Sundberg, Patrick Conforti

Proceedings Volume 10768, 107680J (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321116

KEYWORDS: Black bodies, Transmittance, Sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Atmospheric corrections, Reflectivity, Atmospheric sensing, Hyperspectral imaging, Atmospheric physics, Humidity

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2018 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

MODTRAN and the GrossDoppler line-shape function

Alexander Berk, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 10768, 107680I (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2320669

KEYWORDS: Microwave radiation, Doppler effect, Absorption, Infrared radiation, Radiative transfer, Ultraviolet radiation, Algorithm development, Thermography, Statistical modeling, Thermal modeling

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Identifying vehicles with VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral imagery: sources of distinguishability and confusion

Steven Adler-Golden, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 9976, 99760K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238811

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Light sources and illumination, Data processing, Silver, Short wave infrared radiation, Gold, Sensors, Sun

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Paper

Spectral BRDF modeling of vehicle signature observations in the VNIR-SWIR

T. Perkins, S. Adler-Golden, L. Muratov, R. Sundberg, E. Ientilucci, L. Cain

Proceedings Volume 9840, 98400R (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225018

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, 3D modeling, Target detection, RGB color model, Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration, Spectral models, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2015 Paper

Paper

Long-wavelength infrared hyperspectral data "mining" at Cuprite, NV

Robert Sundberg, Steven Adler-Golden, Patrick Conforti

Proceedings Volume 9611, 961107 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187061

KEYWORDS: Long wavelength infrared, Minerals, Calcite, Reflectivity, Algorithm development, Quartz, Atmospheric sensing, Atmospheric corrections, Detection and tracking algorithms, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2014 Paper

Paper

Influence of broken cloud fields on reflectance retrievals

Robert Sundberg, Steven Richtsmeier, Steven Adler-Golden

Proceedings Volume 9242, 924208 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066854

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Reflectivity, Target detection, Aerosols, Scattering, Photons, Atmospheric modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Visibility, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 June 2013 Paper

Paper

Precision radiometric surface temperature (PRST) sensor

James Daly, Carson Roberts, Andrew Bodkin, Robert Sundberg, Scott Beaven, Jeffrey Weinheimer

Proceedings Volume 8707, 87070A (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016092

KEYWORDS: Temperature metrology, Sensors, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Mid-IR, Databases, Cameras, Aluminum, Black bodies, Pyrometry

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2010 Paper

Paper

Recent advances in the simulation of partly cloudy scenes

Steven Richtsmeier, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 7827, 78270S (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.871345

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Monte Carlo methods, Aerosols, Scattering, Atmospheric modeling, Photons, Image enhancement, 3D modeling, Sun, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Paper

Full spectrum cloudy scene simulation

Steven Richtsmeier, Alexander Singer-Berk, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 7695, 76950O (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850874

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Sensors, Transmittance, 3D modeling, Clouds, Atmospheric modeling, Photons, Reflectivity, Absorption, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 22 September 2009 Paper

Paper

Full spectrum broken cloud scene simulation

Steven Richtsmeier, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 7475, 74750H (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.830421

KEYWORDS: Clouds, Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric modeling, Photons, 3D modeling, Scattering, Aerosols, Reflectivity, Scene simulation, Atmospheric particles

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Proceedings Article | 13 October 2008 Paper

Paper

In-scene-based atmospheric correction of uncalibrated VISible-SWIR (VIS-SWIR) hyper- and multi-spectral imagery

L. Bernstein, S. Adler-Golden, R. Sundberg, A. Ratkowski

Proceedings Volume 7107, 710706 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.808193

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Sensors, Vegetation, Atmospheric corrections, Calibration, Multispectral imaging, Landsat, Earth observing sensors, Infrared radiation, Atmospheric physics

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2008 Paper

Paper

Improved full spectrum cloudy scene simulation

Robert Sundberg, Steven Richtsmeier, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 7107, 71070D (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.796965

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric modeling, Photons, 3D modeling, Clouds, Reflectivity, Scattering, Sensors, Aerosols, Atmospheric particles

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2008 Paper

Paper

Constrained basis set expansions for target subspaces in hyperspectral detection and identification

S. Adler-Golden, J. Gruninger, R. Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 6966, 696602 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.776252

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Atmospheric sensing, Hyperspectral target detection, Sensors, Detection and tracking algorithms, Reflectivity, Thermography, Hyperspectral imaging, Temperature metrology, Ozone

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 7 May 2007 Paper

Paper

Atmospheric compensation of extreme off-nadir hyperspectral imagery from Hyperion

Steven Adler-Golden, Larry Bernstein, Michael Matthew, Robert Sundberg, Anthony Ratkowski

Proceedings Volume 6565, 65651P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.721769

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Visibility, Vegetation, Aerosols, Sensors, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Hyperspectral imaging, Earth observing sensors, Landsat

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 12 October 2006 Paper

Paper

Improved reflectance retrieval from hyper- and multispectral imagery without prior scene or sensor information (Stand-by oral presentation)

L. Bernstein, S. Adler-Golden, R. Sundberg, A. Ratkowski

Proceedings Volume 6362, 63622P (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.705038

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Sensors, Atmospheric corrections, Vegetation, Multispectral imaging, Calibration, Atmospheric sensing, Data processing, Algorithm development, Optical filters

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 29 September 2006 Paper

Paper

Extraction of spatial and spectral scene statistics for hyperspectral scene simulation

Rosemary Kennett, Robert Sundberg, John Gruninger, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 6365, 63650X (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.705026

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Data modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Monte Carlo methods, Correlation function, Scene simulation, 3D image processing, Sensors, Hyperspectral simulation, Atmospheric particles

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2006 Paper

Paper

Real-time target motion animation for missile warning system testing

Timothy Perkins, Robert Sundberg, John Cordell, Zaw Tun, Mark Owen

Proceedings Volume 6208, 62080E (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.661261

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Sensors, Missiles, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Signal attenuation, Projection systems, Atmospheric modeling, 3D modeling, Computer simulations, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2006 Paper

Paper

Fast Monte Carlo full spectrum scene simulation

Steven Richtsmeier, Robert Sundberg, Raymond Haren, Frank Clark

Proceedings Volume 6233, 62331Z (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.661273

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, 3D modeling, Hyperspectral simulation, Atmospheric modeling, Clouds, Reflectivity, Sensors, Photons, RGB color model, Computer simulations

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2005 Paper

Paper

Validation of the QUick atmospheric correction (QUAC) algorithm for VNIR-SWIR multi- and hyperspectral imagery

Lawrence Bernstein, Steven Adler-Golden, Robert Sundberg, Robert Levine, Timothy Perkins, Alexander Berk, Anthony Ratkowski, Gerald Felde, Michael Hoke

Proceedings Volume 5806, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603359

KEYWORDS: Aerosols, Reflectivity, Atmospheric corrections, Atmospheric particles, Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Visibility, Hyperspectral imaging, Multispectral imaging, Atmospheric physics

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Proceedings Article | 13 August 2004 Paper

Paper

Thermal infrared scene simulation for plume detection algorithm evaluation

Robert Sundberg, Steven Richtsmeier, Alexander Berk, Steven Adler-Golden, Marsha Fox, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 5416, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.544887

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Sensors, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric sensing, Thermography, Algorithm development, 3D modeling, Infrared radiation, Long wavelength infrared

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Proceedings Article | 12 August 2004 Paper

Paper

Full-spectrum scene simulation

Steven Richtsmeier, Robert Sundberg, Alexander Berk, Steven Adler-Golden, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 5425, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543242

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Atmospheric modeling, 3D modeling, Clouds, Reflectivity, Photons, Hyperspectral simulation, Scattering, Long wavelength infrared, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 2 February 2004 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral scene simulation from the visible through the LWIR

Robert Sundberg, Alexander Berk, Steven Richtsmeier, Steven Adler-Golden, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 5234, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.507936

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, 3D modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Photons, Clouds, Sensors, Scene simulation, Hyperspectral simulation, RGB color model

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Proceedings Article | 10 November 2003 Paper

Paper

Development of a hyperspectral scene generator

Neil Nelson, Paul Bryant, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 5151, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506376

KEYWORDS: Digital micromirror devices, Hyperspectral systems, Target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Mirrors, Spectrometers, Infrared radiation, Short wave infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Application of convex cone analysis to hyperspectral and multispectral scenes

John Gruninger, Jamine Lee, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 4885, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463103

KEYWORDS: Magnesium, Data modeling, Matrices, Landsat, Chromium, RGB color model, Data compression, Error analysis, Image compression, Earth observing sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2003 Paper

Paper

Extraction of visible SWIR hyperspectral scene statistics and their use in scene realization

Robert Sundberg, John Gruninger, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 4885, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463101

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Reflectivity, Target detection, Monte Carlo methods, Data modeling, Scene simulation, Atmospheric particles, Detection and tracking algorithms, Algorithm development, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 2 August 2002 Paper

Paper

Extraction of hyperspectral scene statistics and scene realization

Robert Sundberg, John Gruninger, Raymond Haren

Proceedings Volume 4725, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.478750

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric particles, Reflectivity, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Data modeling, Scene simulation, Correlation function, Image processing, Software

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2001 Paper

Paper

Automated optimal channel selection for spectral imaging sensors

John Gruninger, Robert Sundberg, Marsha Fox, Robert Levine, William Mundkowsky, Michael Salisbury, Alan Ratcliff

Proceedings Volume 4381, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.437052

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Signal processing, Imaging spectroscopy, Reflectivity, Image sensors, Remote sensing, Signal to noise ratio, Data compression, Remote sensing system design, Optical resolution

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 19 July 1999 Paper

Paper

Simulation of curved surface reflectance in the quick image display (QUID) model

Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 3697, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352912

KEYWORDS: Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Reflectivity, 3D modeling, Solar radiation models, Solids, Image display, OpenGL, Computer simulations, Specular reflections, Solid modeling

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 1997 Paper

Paper

Bounds on component spectra of multispectral images

John Gruninger, Robert Sundberg

Proceedings Volume 3071, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.280607

KEYWORDS: Multispectral imaging, Matrices, Reflectivity, Chemical elements, Sensors, Spectrometers, Spectral resolution, Remote sensing, Environmental sensing, Data compression

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 1997 Paper

Paper

Quick image display (QUID) model for rapid real-time target imagery and spectral signatures

Robert Sundberg, John Gruninger, Mark Nosek, Jeff Burks, Ean Fontaine

Proceedings Volume 3084, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.280957

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, OpenGL, Visualization, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Solid modeling, Solar radiation models, Image display, Volume rendering, Motion models, Light sources and illumination

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Proceedings Article | 15 December 1995 Paper

Paper

Modeling for atmospheric background radiance structures

John Gruninger, Robert Sundberg, James Duff, James Brown, Ramesh Sharma, Robert Sears

Proceedings Volume 2580, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228471

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Atmospheric modeling, 3D modeling, Statistical modeling, Temperature metrology, Atmospheric sensing, Carbon dioxide, Atmospheric sciences, Image sensors, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1994 Paper

Paper

SHARC-3: a model for infrared atmospheric radiance at high altitudes

John Gruninger, Robert Sundberg, James Duff, Lawrence Bernstein, Michael Matthew, Steven Adler-Golden, David Robertson, Ramesh Sharma, James Brown, Rebecca Healey

Proceedings Volume 2223, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177908

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Thermal modeling, Infrared radiation, Transmittance, Energy transfer, Molecular energy transfer

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1994 Paper

Paper

Infrared radiance fluctuations in the upper atmosphere

Robert Sundberg, John Gruninger, Piali De, James Brown

Proceedings Volume 2223, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177922

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Statistical modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric sensing, Sensors, Infrared imaging, Computer simulations, Infrared sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Mid-IR

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Showing 5 of 40 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (5)

Imaging Spectrometry XXVI: Applications, Sensors, and Processing

22 August 2023 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XXV: Applications, Sensors, and Processing

22 August 2022 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XXIV: Applications, Sensors, and Processing

24 August 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XXIII: Applications, Sensors, and Processing

11 August 2019 | San Diego, California, United States

Imaging Spectrometry XXII: Applications, Sensors, and Processing

20 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

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