The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a series of upgrades for the Keck II Adaptive Optics system and the NIRSPEC spectrograph to enable diffraction-limited, high-resolution (R>30,000) spectroscopy in the K and L bands. KPIC’s use of single-mode fibers provides a substantial reduction in sky background as well as an extremely stable line-spread function. In this paper we present the results of extensive system-level laboratory testing and characterization of Phase II of the instrument and each of its modes. We also show early on-sky results from the first few months of commissioning with these upgrades along with the next steps for the instrument.
KPIC (Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer) is a series of upgrades to Keck II adaptive optics and the NIR-SPEC spectrograph enabling K-band diffraction-limited high-resolution spectroscopy. KPIC’s single-mode fibers provide a substantial reduction in sky background as well as an extremely stable line-spread function. In this paper we present the on-sky performance of KPIC phase I and lessons learned from calibration and operation of the system, including procedures for maximizing throughput and assessments of long-term line-spread and calibration stability. During phase I, KPIC successfully detected 23 exoplanets and brown dwarfs, with separations from 200 to 3600 mas and K-band magnitudes up to 17.
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