Determination of whether nanoparticles accumulate in target or non-target tissues is critical in assessing a
nanoparticle formulation for nanomedical purposes. There is an overwhelming need for a sensitive and efficient
imaging-based method that can (1) detect small numbers of (even single) nanoparticles, (2) associate nanoparticle
uptake with cell type, and (3) allow for rapid detection in large tissue samples. We propose a novel method for
nanoparticle detection that utilizes an oligonucleotide "nanobarcode" conjugated to the nanoparticle surface, which amplifies the optical signal from a single nanoparticle via in situ PCR. Herein, we describe the design process of the nanobarcoding method.
KEYWORDS: Nanoparticles, Tissues, Signal detection, Transmission electron microscopy, Iron, Nanomedicine, In vitro testing, Magnetism, Oxides, Control systems
In nanomedicine, biodistribution studies are critical to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanoparticles. Currently,
extensive biodistribution studies are hampered by the limitations of bulk tissue and single-cell imaging techniques. To
ameliorate these limitations, we have developed a novel method for single nanoparticle detection that incorporates a
conjugated oligonucleotide as a "nanobarcode" for detection via in situ PCR. This strategy magnifies the detection signal
from single nanoparticles, facilitating rapid evaluation of nanoparticle uptake by cell type over larger areas. The
nanobarcoding method can enable precise analysis of nanoparticle biodistributions and expedite translation of these
nanoparticles to the clinic.
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