The fast active distant binocular filter (DBF) with two complementary nematic liquid crystal (NLC) π-structures for observing the frame-sequential stereoscopic images is described. The DBF is characterized by steep front and rear edges of the pulse optical response defined by the fast (about 50 to 200 μs) rise time of the π-structures. Their relatively long decay time (about 2 ms) during relaxation processes does not affect the transition times of the DBF optical response. The corresponding long phase shifts in two π-structures are mutually compensated with use of the developed algorithms of electronic control. The DBF optical characteristics are studied theoretically and experimentally for selection of white light fluxes with duration in several milliseconds typical for the common stereoscopic system. The minimum duration of the selected view images can be a fraction of a millisecond. When compared stereo glasses with conventional NLC shutters, the described active DBF allows to provide the increased optical efficiency and absence of mechanical stress on the face (head) of the observer to improve the comfort of stereo image observation.
The concept of autostereoscopic imaging of three-dimensional scenes with a full-screen resolution in each view image based on a dynamic active parallax barrier (DAPB) with two antiphase nematic liquid-crystal (NLC) layers is described. The developed topology and algorithm of electronic control of the DAPB provide the precise spatial and high-speed temporal distribution of view images by the observation zones. The transient times of the distribution are determined only by a short (about 100 μs) rise time of the NLC layers. The long decay time (about 2 ms) of each NLC layer does not influence the distribution transient times due to mutual optical compensation of the corresponding relaxation processes in two antiphase NLC layers. The required joint optical response of an elementary double-layer NLC cell of the DAPB and selection of the two image pixels by the DAPB in the elementary autostereoscopic layout are verified experimentally. The estimates of the possible contrast, crosstalk, optical efficiency, and field of view are given. The proposed DAPB together with a high-speed amplitude image former will allow one to implement flickerless autostereoscopic imaging with K views at a K×60 Hz frame rate, for example, with K = 2 / 8 at 120 / 480 Hz frame rate.
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