KEYWORDS: Proteins, Molecules, Printing, New and emerging technologies, Digital micromirror devices, Microscopes, Optical lithography, Green fluorescent protein, Luminescence, Glasses
Printing of biomolecules on substrates has developed tremendously in the past few years. The existing methods either rely on slow serial writing processes or on parallelized photolithographic techniques where cumbersome mask alignment procedures usually impair the ability to generate multi-protein patterns. We recently developed a new technology allowing for high resolution multi protein micro-patterning. This technology named “Light-Induced Molecular Adsorption of Proteins (LIMAP)” is based on a water-soluble photo-initiator able to reverse the antifouling property of polymer brushes when exposed to UV light. We developed a wide-field pattern projection system based on a DMD coupled to a conventional microscope which permits to generate arbitrary grayscale patterns of UV light at the micron scale. Interestingly, the density of adsorbed molecules scales with the dose of UV light thus allowing the quantitative patterning of biomolecules. The very low non specific background of biomolecules outside of the UV-exposed areas allows for the sequential printing of multiple proteins without alignment procedures. Protein patterns ranging from 500 nm up to 1 mm can be performed within seconds, as well as gradients of arbitrary shapes. The range of applications of the LIMAP approach extends from the single molecule up to the multicellular scale with an exquisite control over local protein density. We show that it can be used to generate complex protein landscapes useful to study protein-protein, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
In fluorescence microscopy, one can distinguish two kinds of imaging approaches, wide field and raster scan
microscopy, differing by their excitation and detection scheme. In both imaging modalities the acquisition is
independent of the information content of the image. Rather, the number of acquisitions N, is imposed by
the Nyquist-Shannon theorem. However, in practice, many biological images are compressible (or, equivalently
here, sparse), meaning that they depend on a number of degrees of freedom K that is smaller that their size N.
Recently, the mathematical theory of compressed sensing (CS) has shown how the sensing modality could take
advantage of the image sparsity to reconstruct images with no loss of information while largely reducing the number M of acquisition. Here we present a novel fluorescence microscope designed along the principles of CS. It uses a spatial light modulator (DMD) to create structured wide field excitation patterns and a sensitive point detector to measure the emitted fluorescence. On sparse fluorescent samples, we could achieve compression ratio N/M of up to 64, meaning that an image can be reconstructed with a number of measurements of only 1.5 % of its pixel number. Furthemore, we extend our CS acquisition scheme to an hyperspectral imaging system.
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