We review long-range surface plasmon-polariton waveguide biosensors and their application to disease detection in complex fluids. The biosensors are constructed from metal stripe waveguides cladded in Cytop with etched microfluidic channels to expose the stripe surface to the sensing fluid. Application of waveguide biosensors to the detection of leukemia in patient blood serum and dengue infection in patient blood plasma is reviewed. In addition, a novel bioassay for HIV detection in complex fluids is proposed and preliminary results are demonstrated. The biosensors are compact and mass manufacturable using semiconductor fabrication tools and processes.
Long-range surface plasmon waveguides, and their application to various transducer architectures for amplitude- or
phase-sensitive biosensing, are discussed. Straight and Y-junction waveguides are used for direct intensity-based
detection, whereas Bragg gratings and single-, dual- and triple-output Mach Zehnder interferometers are used for phasebased
detection. In either case, multiple-output biosensors which provide means for referencing are very useful to
eliminate common perturbations and drift. Application of the biosensors to disease detection in complex fluids is
discussed. Application to biomolecular interaction analysis and kinetics extraction is also discussed.
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