Fiber Bragg grating sensors enable full optical measurement without being affected by electromagnetic radiation and other interferences. They are lightweight, compact, highly sensitive, corrosion-resistant, and exhibit high structural stability and durability over time. The measurement is characterized by the central wavelength of the reflected light, taking into account factors such as the microbending effect of the fiber, power fluctuations of the light source, and losses caused by coupling. Furthermore, fiber Bragg gratings can be directly written into the fiber core, resulting in low insertion loss, easy achievement of full optical integration, good wavelength selectivity, and absolute wavelength encoding of sensing information. Therefore, they have become a research hotspot in the field of sensors and fiber optic technology both domestically and internationally.
Fiber Bragg gratings have attracted extensive attention and research in the field of fiber optic sensors due to their low cost, ease of processing and improvement, and excellent sensing performance. They have been applied in temperature sensing, gas concentration sensing, bending sensing, and other fields. By means of weak fiber doping, polymer fiber manufacturing, parallel distribution of gratings, and manufacturing of microstructured fiber gratings, functions such as phase shifting, temperature compensation, temperature insensitivity, ultra-high temperature sensing, and bio-absorbable materials can be achieved.
In recent years, devices replicating the modulating effect of lenses have emerged, some based on principles of diffraction, phase change, or metallic resonance. With the advent of metasurfaces, devices have been created that use sub-wavelength microstructures based on the generalized Snell's law to achieve continuous phase change and thus manipulate the THz wavefront. In this paper, we endeavor to utilize liquid crystals, based on the generalized Snell's law, designing a terahertz modulating element working on geometric phase, enabling it to function like a terahertz lens. The experimental results confirmed that our THz liquid crystal lens, designed based on geometric phase and stemming from the generalized Snell's law, possesses sufficient modulation effect, demonstrating the feasibility of liquid crystal modulation in the THz frequency range.
Metasurfaces, as artificial materials, exhibit unique characteristics that are distinct from those found in natural materials. These properties, such as the negative refractive index and the inverse Doppler effect, ushered in new possibilities for a wide range of applications, particularly in the field of filtering, absorbing, and other communication devices. This paper introduces a novel approach for creating an electronically controlled tunable terahertz absorber based on liquid crystal and metasurfaces. The ability to modify the equivalent dielectric constant in the liquid crystal layer by leveraging the external electrical field enables the adjustment and control of the terahertz reflected waves. Under the bias saturated state, the liquid crystal molecules in the proposed tunable terahertz absorber align vertically, leading to a specific absorption peak at a frequency of 0.79 THz, with an absorption value of 0.86. However, under the bias off state, the liquid crystal molecules reorient themselves horizontally, with the absorption peaks dropping to two smaller peaks. The utilization of adjustable all-dielectric metasurfaces based on liquid crystal characteristics presents a promising solution that aligns with the demands of contemporary development. These metasurfaces offer versatility across a wide range of frequencies, spanning from microwave to infrared light. This adaptability enables their application in various fields and devices, introducing novel preparation and adjustment methods.
The principle and evaluation method of wavelet threshold denoising are analyzed aiming at the problem that Fourier transform cannot represent the abrupt change of image effectively and wavelet transform cannot represent the texture and slow change of image effectively in the process of image denoising. Through the quantitative comparison of Fourier image denoising and wavelet image denoising, a mixed Fourier-wavelet denoising algorithm is proposed based on the different characteristics of Fourier denoising and wavelet denoising. Experimental results show that the mixed wavelet algorithm is superior to simple Fourier denoising and wavelet denoising algorithm separately, which makes up for the disadvantages of the two algorithms, and has a good application prospect in the field of image denoising.
A passive, millimeter wave (MMW) and terahertz (THz) dual-band imaging system composed of 94 and 250 GHz single-element detectors was used to investigate preprocessing and fusion algorithms for dual-band images. Subsequently, an MMW and THz image preprocessing and fusion integrated algorithm (MMW-THz IPFIA) was developed. In the algorithm, a block-matching and three-dimensional filtering denoising algorithm is employed to filter noise, an adaptive histogram equalization algorithm to enhance images, an intensity-based registration algorithm to register images, and a wavelet-based image fusion algorithm to fuse the preprocessed images. The performance of the algorithm was analyzed by calculating the SNR and information entropy of the actual images. This algorithm effectively reduces the image noise and improves the level of detail in the images. Since the algorithm improves the performance of the investigated imaging system, it should support practical technological applications. Because the system responds to blackbody radiation, its improvement is quantified herein using the static performance parameter commonly employed for thermal imaging systems, namely, the minimum detectable temperature difference (MDTD). An experiment was conducted in which the system’s MDTD was measured before and after applying the MMW-THz IPFIA, verifying the improved performance that can be realized through its application.
The progress on terahertz imaging at Capital Normal University in Beijing is presented. Our works on
Terahertz Imaging include the active and passive imaging. For the active terahertz imaging, the pulse
and continue wave terahertz imaging are studied, respectively. The active terahertz pulse imaging is
based on the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with the probe-beam-expanded femtosecond pulse
laser and an infrared CCD detection. The active terahertz continuous wave imaging is based on a
CO2-laser-pumped terahertz coherent source and a NEC terahertz camera. The active terahertz
polarization imaging is studied. For the passive terahertz imaging, the low frequency radiometers are
used to detect the beam-scanned terahertz signal by the point-to-point scanning. The related
components and image processing methods are developed and used for the improvement of imaging
speed and resolution.
Compared with microwave, THz has higher resolution, and compared with infrared, THz has better penetrability. Human body radiate THz also, its photon energy is low, it is harmless to human body. So THz has great potential applications in the body searching system. Dual-band images may contain different information for the same scene, so THz dual-band imaging have been a significant research subject of THz technology.
Base on the dual-band THz passive imaging system which is composed of a 94GHz and a 250GHz cell detector, this paper researched the preprocessing and fusion algorithm for THz dual-band images. Firstly, THz images have such problems: large noise, low SNR, low contrast, low details. Secondly, the stability problem of the optical mechanical scanning system makes the images less repetitive, obvious stripes and low definition. Aiming at these situations, this paper used the BM3D de-noising algorithm to filter noise and correct the scanning problem. Furthermore, translation, rotation and scaling exist between the two images, after registered by the intensity-base registration algorithm, and enhanced by the adaptive histogram equalization algorithm, the images are fused by image fusion algorithm based on wavelet. This effectively reduced the image noise, scan distortion and matching error, improved the details, enhanced the contrast. It is helpful to improve the detection efficiency of hidden objects too. Method in this paper has a substantial effect for improving the dual-band THz passive imaging system’s performance and promoting technology practical.
Terahertz (THz) imaging is a hot topic in the current imaging technology. THz imaging has the advantage to penetrate most of non-metal and non-polar materials for the detection of concealed objects, while it is harmless to biological organism. Continuous wave terahertz (THz) imaging is enable to offer a safe and noninvasive imaging for the investigated objects. In this paper, THz real-time polarization imaging system is demonstrated based on the SIFIR-50 THz laser as a radiation source and a NEC Terahertz Imager as an array detector. The experimental system employs two wire grid polarizers to acquire the intensity images in four different directions. The polarization information of the measured object is obtained based on the Stokes-Mueller matrix. Imaging experiments on the currency with water mark and the hollowed-out metal ring have been done. Their polarization images are acquired and analyzed. The results show that the extracted polarization images include the valuable information which can effectively detect and recognize the different kinds of objects.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.