We propose and demonstrate an approach to generating a frequency-hopping (FH) microwave signal using an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). An SBS-based OEO is utilized to generate pure microwave signals as local frequency signal, and a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator is employed to generate the FH signal. During the experiment, the local frequency generated by the OEO is 9.2 GHz with a power of 0 dBm and the FH signal hopping between 9.2 and 18.4 GHz is generated with FH speed up to 2 GHz.
A triple frequency- and phase-tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect and carrier phase-shifted single sideband (CPS-SSB) modulation is proposed and theoretically analyzed. In the structure, three pump lights are used to generate an oscillator signal in which the frequency is equal to triple the Brillouin frequency shift through the Brillouin gain–loss compensation. Benefiting from the wavelength-dependent characteristic of Brillouin shift, the triple frequency-tunable signal can be realized by directly tuning the laser source. The CPS-SSB modulation signal lies in the combination of a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) and a tunable bandpass filter. The phase of the output microwave signal is changed by controlling the direct current bias voltage of DPMZM. Ultimately, a microwave signal, with a tunable frequency range from 26.3925 to 28.3425 GHz and a tunable phase from 0 deg to 360 deg, is obtained in theory. In addition, the theoretical simulation of the phase noise is below −110 dBc / Hz at the 10-kHz offset when tunable laser source is set at 1550 nm.
A white light-emitting organic/polymeric electroluminescent (EL) device with multilayer thin-film structure is demonstrated. The device structure of glass substrate/indium-tin oxide/poly(N- vinylcarbazole)/phenylpyridine beryllium(BePP2)/8- (quinolinolate)-aluminum (Alq) doped with 5,6,11,12- petraphenylnaphthacene/Alq/LiF/Al was employed. The turn-on voltage is as low as 2.9 V. Blue fluorescent BePP2 yellow fluorescent rubrene, and green fluorescent Alq are used as three primary colors. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclariage coordinates of the emitted light are at 10V, which is located in the white-light region. Bright white light, over 6800cd/m2, was successfully obtained at about 17V, and the maximum efficiency reaches to 1.38m/W at 8.5V.
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