A novel method to generate cylindrical vector beams is presented based on a cat-eye cavity laser and a Mach-Zehnder interferometric arrangement. Some transverse modes can be generated by the cat- eye cavity laser and then superimposed by the Mach-Zehnder interferometric arrangement to form different kinds of cylindrical vector beams. First, simulations of four kinds of cylindrical vector beams based on four kinds of combinations of transverse modes are made and other situations are also discussed when the two beams are in-phase, 180° out-of-phase and with other phase difference. Then, an experimental set-up based on a cat-eye cavity laser and a Mach-Zehnder interferometric arrangement is built, and four forms of cylindrical vector beams generated by the experiment system. The experimental results agree well with the simulative results.
A micro-hole fabrication scheme based on focus-shaped radially polarized beams is presented. First, a micro-hole fabrication system is demonstrated based on the focus shaping of radially polarized beams, where a high energy ultra-small spot with a long depth of focus can be obtained by focus shaping using the combination of a diffractive optical element (DOE) and a high numerical-aperture objective, and such focused spot is preferred to fabricate the micro-hole with a high ratio of depth and radius. Then, diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are designed to achieve such ultra-small spots with a long depth of focus using the global search algorithm, and the focus-shaped field intensities are calculated based on vector diffraction theory. Finally, a conclusion is drawn from the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and focus-shaped radially polarized beams are suitable to fabricate the micro-hole with a high ratio of depth and radius.
The generation of space-variant polarized beams by segmented subwavelength metallic gratings is demonstrated
theoretically and experimentally. First, the subwavelength metallic gratings acting as a polarizing beam splitters are
designed and fabricated, and its transmission properties are measured. Next, the devices composed of space-variant
subwavelength metallic gratings are proposed to convert incident circularly polarized beams into space-variant polarized
beams. Several types of devices are fabricated by using of e-beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE)
technology. Finally, the intensity and polarization properties of generated beams are measured which show a good
performance of high polarization purity.
We propose the concept of axially symmetric polarized beams as an extension of radially and azimuthally polarized
beams, and study the focusing properties and applications of higher polarization order axially-symmetric polarized
beams. We present the mathematical expressions of the focusing field in an aplanatic focusing system and numerically
calculate the focusing field distributions near focus, and find out some unique focusing properties, especially multiplefocus-
spot super-resolution focusing, which will lead to some applications in super-resolution, multiple particles
manipulation, near-field microscopy and so on.
New light-emitting diodes (LED) structure constituted by the photonic crystal (PhC) is presented, and
the effects of structure parameters are investigated. Relying on the results of investigation, the structure
parameters of photonic crystal LED are optimized. By Using the FDTD algorithm, the enhancement
factor of photonic crystal LED is calculated efficiently, and the optimum values of structure parameters
are obtained after numerical optimization. With the optimum photonic crystal structure, the output
efficiency of LED is enhanced.
A new type flat-field arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) has been designed. The focal points of all wavelengths of operation distribute on a straight line. With parallel output waveguides, it¡¯s convenient to connect with fiber-array directly. Flat-field AWG could function as a spectrometer when the output waveguides are thrown off. The work based on the developed aberration theory of AWG. In this theory, the restrains imposing on the conventional Rowland-type AWG have been removed. Various restrains will generate new type structures. In the flat-field AWG design, the restrains come from the concurrent imaging theory. Three aberration-free points restrain three dominant geometry parameters of AWG, geometry of star couplers, phased array ports distribution, and length increment between adjacent paths. A 16-channel flat-field AWG is designed. As stigmatic points introduced, the aberration of the device is much lower than that of the conventional Rowland-type AWG.
A radial finite-difference beam propagation method is proposed systematically with circular cylindrical coordinates, which is more accurate for simulation of some radiated waveguide structures. Theoretical design and simulation of low insertion loss arrayed waveguide gratings with couplers of tapered arrayed waveguides are presented using this full-vectorial beam propagation method.
A novel Newton recursive algorithm is proposed for an optimum design of arrayed waveguide gratings, which is different from the traditional complicated power-series expansion of the light-path function. The structure of an arrayed waveguide grating is represented by three constraint equations which may be chosen to meet some specific design demands. The new algorithm combines Newton algorithm with structure nonlinear constraint functions, which makes it more general and flexible for the optimum design of the device. From the initial value given, the arrayed-waveguide positions and matched waveguide lengths are determined from the numerical solutions for the roots of three constraint equations through a Newton recursive procedure in sequence. Anastigmatic mounts of arrayed waveguide gratings based on this algorithm are processed, and a three stigmatic-points one is designed. Further applications of this algorithm are also discussed, including the one that can not be designed with the theory of the power-series expansion of light-path function.
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