We report on wavelength independent laser direct writing 3D nanolithography using both amplified and non-amplified laser sources. Ultra-precise and truly three-dimensional optical printing technique known as two-photon or multi-photon polymerization (TPP and MPP, respectively) is experimentally validated without the use of any photo-initiators and applying various wavelengths ranging from 515 to 1250 nm. The novel approach is achieved in hybrid organic-inorganic SZ2080TM and other hybrid polymer materials showing its versatility. Linear writing speeds up to 100 mm/s are realized without compromising the spatial resolution or quality of the structures reaching reproducible line structures with ≈270 nm in lateral dimensions. Therefore, here we demonstrate that various light-matter interactions mechanisms can trigger photopolymerization enabling optical 3D nanoscale printing using x-photon absorption.
We report on the 3D printing of high transparency and resiliency free-form micro-optics. The fabrication is realized employing combining femtosecond laser direct write 3D nanolithography (fs-LDW or a.k.a. two-photon polymerization) with high temperature calcination (sintering) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. The developed approach allows production of diverse single optical elements and stacked components ranging in dimensions from 10 to 100 µm. Produced micro-optic objects are characterized of their optical performance (focusing, imaging, transparency) and determining their laser induced damage threshold (LIDT). This opens novel applications of laser 3D printed microoptics under harsh conditions: radiation, temperature, acidic environment, pressure variations.
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