The nonlinear Thomson backscattering process of electron under circularly polarized laser pulses is studied. The influence of the central collision position of the electron and laser pulses on the spectral characteristics of the scattered light is analyzed. The results show that the frequency broadening caused by doppler nonlinear frequency shift can be reduced and the monochromicity of the emitted light can be improved by adjusting the central collision position or the initial position of electron appropriately. At the same time, taking the requirements for the radiation intensity of scattered light into account, the optimal situation to generate quasi-monochromatic x-rays is presented. Besides, a scheme to increase the radiation energy of backscattered light by controlling the laser pulse width is proposed without changing the frequency band width. It provides a solution to overcome the problem that the radiation energy is too weak in the scheme of changing the initial position of electron. In addition, it was found that the interference fringes of the emitted light growing greatly as the pulse width increases.
Within the frame of electrodynamic and nonlinearly Thomson scattering, we study the initial phase-sensitivity with respect to spatial characteristics of a static electron irradiated by Guassian linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulse for different beam waists. With the combination and comparison of the electron's real-time motion and radiation conditions, the initial phase-sensitivity turns out with inverse proportional relation to the beam waist where the radiation’s transverse shift of varied initial phases is irregular in the non-tightly focused case. Furthermore, by changing the initial phases, the petal-like full spatial radiation pattern changes from 4 unstable pieces to 2 constant pieces and the radiated energy shift slows down with the beam waist evolving from b0 = 1 to b0 = 10. Finally, with initial phase 𝜙0 increasing from 0 to π we discover an interesting phenomenon for the first time, where the normalized maximal radiated power and corresponding azimuth angle fluctuate in the form of ripples and ladders in tightly-focused case b0 = 1, in contrast to the perfectly symmetry with respect to φ0 = 0.5π for the maximal radiated power in non-tightly focused case b0 = 10.
Using the theory of single free electron in the form of Thomson scattering, through theoretical calculations and computer simulations, the properties of radiation pulses generated by ultrashort laser pulses are studied. Calculations show that in this case, the pulse width of the electron’s maximum radiation pulse reaches on the order of attosecond. We focus on nonlinear Thomson scattering. Under the condition of circularly polarized tightly focused laser pulses (b0 = 3λ0), we change the intensity of the incident laser. Generally, under the condition of relativistic laser intensity, keep the beam waist radius not changing, the larger the incident laser’s peak amplitude (a0), the larger the maximum of electron radiation power. After that, we focused on the temporal characters at the angle when the electron radiated power was at its maximum. At some special incident laser’s peak amplitude (a0), the change of pulse width in electron radiation power has some rules. We divide the change of pulse width into three categories according to the number of maximal values in the angular distribution of the radiation energy, and discuss the regularity of them separately.
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