Nonlinear Thomson scattering in intense (𝑎0 = 6) single-cycle (𝐿0 = 1𝜇𝑚) Gaussian laser pulse is investigated theoretically and numerically that demonstrates varied spatial characteristics in the tightly focused (𝑏0 = 3𝜇𝑚) regime. In the above ultrashort laser pulse, the electron has the potential to radiate single attosecond pulse with almost infinite SNR which is highly robust to varied initial phases. Furthermore, a novel symmetry degradation phenomenon in the tightly focused domain is firstly discovered, where the fourfold symmetric spatial radiation pattern in non-tightly focused pulses respectively degrades to plane/linear symmetry radiation pattern in the spherical projected/polarized plane. While spatial radiation is highly sensitive to initial phases, we remarkably find that the difference of peak radiation’s polar angles 𝜙m exactly equals to that of incident laser’s initial phases 𝜙0, indicating the initial phase has phase/angle shift effect on the electron’s spatial motion and radiation. With numerical analysis, the sampling results demonstrate that peak radiation’s polar angle 𝜃m and the difference 𝜙m = 𝜙0 are constant regardless of initial phases.
The nonlinear Thomson backscattering process of electron under circularly polarized laser pulses is studied. The influence of the central collision position of the electron and laser pulses on the spectral characteristics of the scattered light is analyzed. The results show that the frequency broadening caused by doppler nonlinear frequency shift can be reduced and the monochromicity of the emitted light can be improved by adjusting the central collision position or the initial position of electron appropriately. At the same time, taking the requirements for the radiation intensity of scattered light into account, the optimal situation to generate quasi-monochromatic x-rays is presented. Besides, a scheme to increase the radiation energy of backscattered light by controlling the laser pulse width is proposed without changing the frequency band width. It provides a solution to overcome the problem that the radiation energy is too weak in the scheme of changing the initial position of electron. In addition, it was found that the interference fringes of the emitted light growing greatly as the pulse width increases.
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