We discuss the final assembly, integration, and testing of the Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat. SPARCS is a 6U CubeSat mission designed to monitor the dual-channel, far-UV (153-176 nm) and near-UV (258-308 nm) photometric activity of nearby low mass stars to advance our understanding of their evolution, activity, and the habitability of surrounding exoplanets. This paper details the assembly of the SPARCS instrument and the testing process to characterize and validate the performance of the payload prior to spacecraft integration. To test SPARCS, we have established a customized CubeSat AIT laboratory and thermal vacuum chamber at ASU equipped to handle CubeSats requiring meticulous contamination control for work in the FUV. After a brief overview of these facilities and the testing plan, we will detail the methods and data used to verify the performance of SPARCS and generate calibration products to reduce raw flight data to high-quality science products. The result will be the delivery of the first highly sensitive FUV astrophysics CubeSat which will inform exoplanet environments and future observations of these systems by facilities like the Habitable Worlds Observatory.
The Star-planet activity research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a 6U CubeSat mission focused on dual channel, SPARCS farUV (153-171 nm) and near-UV (260-300 nm), photometric monitoring of nearby M-stars. These data will advance our understanding of the typical day-to-day UV environments around M stars and how these conditions evolve over the stars’ multibillion-year lifespans; critical factors that constrain the potential habitability of planets orbiting M stars, informing the search for life in the galaxy. This paper lays out the detailed plan for the SPARCS science payload assembly, integration, and testing (AIT), including the optical calibration and performance measurement methods for the science telescope, thermal vacuum bakeouts for part cleaning, ongoing contamination monitoring methods, and spectral performance measurements of the assembled payload camera. We will provide updates on AIT proceedings at ASU and the SPARCS thermal vacuum chamber (TVAC) test facility built for UV CubeSat missions at Arizona State University’s School of Earth and space exploration.
The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is positioned to revolutionize our understanding of M-dwarf star evolution, activity, variability, and the habitability of surrounding exoplanets. SPARCS will be the first mission to observe M stars for long periods of time simultaneously using a dual channel FUV (153 – 171 nm) and NUV (260 - 300 nm) imaging system. Anticipated to launch in 2023, SPARCS will provide key UV context to future observations by TESS and JWST, and the spaceflight application of advanced new detector technologies will pave the way for their implementation into future missions like LUVOIR and HabEx. To realize the scientific potential of SPARCS against the challenges of the ultraviolet spectrum, we are developing the specialized facilities, procedures, and tests necessary to assemble, integrate, and test the SPARCS science payload and spacecraft. A thorough testing campaign will verify the performance of individual payload components and obtain calibration baselines from the fully assembled science instrument that are vital to the data reduction process and in-flight contamination monitoring. SPARCS requires extensive contamination control to maintain its sensitivity in the FUV and NUV, which means all of AIT must occur in controlled and precisely monitored environments. This work will result in: (1) The delivery of the assembled and tested SPARCS spacecraft for launch in 2023. (2) A comprehensive performance validation and calibration baseline for SPARCS including a measurement of system throughput to for every wavelength across the SPARCS bandpasses, maps of NUV and FUV sensitivity across the payload field of view, and a full set of calibration products like flatfield images and dark current measurements for data reduction and comparison with calibration products acquired in orbit to monitor spacecraft conditions. (3) The establishment of a fully operational CubeSat AIT laboratory at ASU equipped to handle CubeSats up to 6U in size requiring meticulous contamination control up to the levels required for working in the FUV. This paper presents the work completed so far on the development and early operation of assembly, integration, and testing facilities for SPARCS. A custom thermal vacuum (TVAC) chamber facility was created and one of Arizona State University’s cleanroom environments was retrofitted to accommodate a 6U ultraviolet CubeSat requiring strict contamination control. We will describe the TVAC facility design and early testing, the cleanroom operation and contamination monitoring, and the development of an optical system and procedures to characterize the optical performance.
The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) 1 far ultra-violet (FUV) instrument will be tested and thermally characterized in a thermal vacuum (TVAC) chamber. The development and understanding of the thermal characteristics of the TVAC system are crucial to the verification of the thermal capabilities of the SPARCS payload. A TVAC chamber for testing FUV CubeSat instruments is in development at Arizona State University (ASU). The chamber will be used to test the SPARCS payload and future CubeSat missions. A thermal model of the thermal chamber has been developed for use with the SPARCS payload to correlate the model to test data. Correlating the model to test data will provide more realistic temperature predictions and reduce risk to the mission. The chamber model will be used along with the payload thermal model to determine preliminary test procedures creating a more realistic timeline for the testing.
The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a 6U CubeSat under construction that is devoted to the photometric monitoring of M stars in the far-UV (FUV) and near-UV (NUV), to measure the time-dependent spectral slope, intensity and evolution of low-mass star high-energy radiation. We report on the progress made in the assembly, integration and test of the instrument payload at Arizona State University using a custom TVAC chamber and optical stimulus that provides calibration light sources and the custom contamination control environment that the FUV demands. The payload consists of a custom 90mm clear aperture telescope developed by Hexagon/Sigma Space, combined with a dichroic plate to separate the FUV and NUV beams developed by Teledyne Acton and Materion, married with twin focal plane array cameras separately optimized for their bandpasses as developed by JPL.
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