Mr. Robert E. Parks Profile

Robert E. Parks

President at Optical Perspectives Group LLC

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Area of Expertise:

Optical testing , Optical test instruments , Optical alignment

Websites:

Company Website

Publications (70)

Proceedings Article | 30 September 2024 Presentation + Paper

Aspherical surface measurement: a cost-effective and fast AI solution

Gaston Baudat, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 13134, 1313403 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3027354

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Wavefront errors, Point spread functions, Monochromatic aberrations, Education and training, Spherical lenses, Microscopes, Wavefront sensors, Optical surfaces, Wavefront aberrations, Aspheric metrology

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2024 Presentation + Paper

Determination of the unique optical axis of assembled lens systems

Robert Parks, Reid Greenberg

Proceedings Volume 13133, 1313303 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3027687

KEYWORDS: Bessel beams, Beam propagation method, Optical components, Optical alignment, Geometrical optics, Optical surfaces, Optical gratings, Lenses, Microscopes, Reticles

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Proceedings Article | 30 November 2023 Presentation + Paper

Transmission sphere calibration using a Fresnel zone CGH

Robert Parks, Logan Graves, Chunyu Zhao, Benjamin Anjakos

Proceedings Volume 12778, 127780P (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2690822

KEYWORDS: Computer generated holography, Interferograms, Calibration, Shearing interferometers, Optical spheres, Optical testing, Zernike polynomials, Equipment, Optical transmission, Optical calibration

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

A new approach to wavefront sensing: AI software with an autostigmatic microscope

Gaston Baudat, Robert Parks, Benjamin Anjakos

Proceedings Volume 12672, 126720L (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676411

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Telescopes, Microscopes, Point spread functions, Artificial intelligence, Wavefronts, Optical alignment, Machine learning

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The use of artificial intelligence (AI) software for wavefront sensing has been demonstrated in previous studies. In this work, we have developed a novel approach to wavefront sensing by coupling an AI software with an Autostigmatic Microscope (AM). The resulting system offers optical component and system testing capabilities similar to those of an interferometer used in double pass, but with several advantages. The AM is smaller, lighter, and less expensive than commercially available interferometers, while the AI software is capable of reading out Zernike coefficients, providing real-time feedback for alignment. Our AI software uses an artificial neural network (NN) that is trained to output the Zernike coefficients, or any other relevant figures of merit, exclusively from synthetic data. The synthetic data includes random Zernike coefficients for a parametric description of the wavefront, noise, and a defocus error to avoid any stringent accuracy requirement. Once trained, the NN yields Zernike coefficients from a single frame of defocused intensity. The feedforward architecture of the NN enables swift output of Zernike coefficients, eliminating the need for iteration or optimization during run time. Using the software with an AM allows for paraxial alignment of the object in the test cavity, with the real-time Zernike coefficients guiding the item into optimal alignment. This double pass test is not possible with most other types of wavefront sensors, as they are designed for single-pass use. Our results demonstrate that the test results obtained compare well with modeled results, and that errors in the AM can be removed by calibration, as in the case of interferometer transmission spheres. Furthermore, the simple defocused image of a source provides non-ambiguous phase retrieval, which competes with traditional wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensors or interferometers. The AI software provides high dynamic range, sensitivity and precision. This novel approach to wavefront sensing has significant potential for use in a wide range of applications in the field of optics.

Proceedings Article | 28 September 2023 Presentation + Paper

Systematic method of optical alignment using aberrations

Robert Parks, Benjamin Anjakos

Proceedings Volume 12669, 1266902 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677175

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, Monochromatic aberrations, Mirrors, Objectives, Equipment, Autocollimators, Microscopes

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation + Paper

Evaluating SMR positioning with an autostigmatic microscope

Karlene Karrfalt, Robert Parks, Daewook Kim

Proceedings Volume 12221, 122210Y (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633238

KEYWORDS: Retroreflectors, Mirrors, Distance measurement, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation + Paper

Using image symmetries to uniquely align aspheric mirrors to a focus and axis

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 12222, 1222205 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632124

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Mirrors, Optical spheres, Monochromatic aberrations, Microscopes, Spherical lenses, Optical alignment, Matrices, Image analysis, Aspheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 28 October 2021 Presentation + Paper

Rapid centering of optics

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11889, 118890V (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601599

KEYWORDS: Bessel beams, Sensors, Zemax, Microscopes, Plano, Optical components, Video, Tolerancing, Spherical lenses, Reticles

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2021 Presentation + Paper

Practical considerations for using grating produced Bessel beams for alignment purposes

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11816, 1181603 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594653

KEYWORDS: Bessel beams, Axicons, Diffraction gratings, Microscopes, Wavefronts, Light, Optical alignment, Mirrors, Computer generated holography, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Aligning reflecting optics with Bessel beams

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11488, 114880J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568569

KEYWORDS: Bessel beams, Mirrors, Axicons, Spherical lenses, Projection systems, Objectives, Reflection, Aspheric lenses, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Presentation + Paper

Precision cementing of doublets without using a rotary table

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11487, 114870U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568588

KEYWORDS: Bessel beams, Reticles, Cements, Microscopes, Lens design, Diffraction gratings, Lenses, Reflection, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 20 August 2020 Open Access

Optical Perspectives Group, LLC: Axicon grating centering station

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume OP20EX, OP20EX0N (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580246

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2019 Presentation + Paper

Design for alignment

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11103, 1110302 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527857

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, Axicons, Spherical lenses, Cements, Tolerancing, Optics manufacturing, Optical components, Lens design, Microscopes, Assembly tolerances

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Proceedings Article | 30 August 2019 Paper

Prism alignment using a point source microscope

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 11103, 1110303 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526534

KEYWORDS: Reflectors, Microscopes, Reflection, Eye, Prisms, Retroreflectors, Spherical lenses, Sensors, Objectives, Light

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2018 Presentation

Alignment with axicon plane gratings

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 10747, 1074703 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2316645

KEYWORDS: Axicons, Microscopes, Optical alignment, Optical components, Mirrors, Computer simulations, Optical simulations, Computer generated holography, Glasses, Photomasks

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2018 Presentation + Paper

New approach to optical assembly and cementing

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 10742, 107420C (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2319459

KEYWORDS: Axicons, Reticles, Microscopes, Cements, Sensors, Optical alignment, Spherical lenses, Optical fabrication, Bessel beams

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 2017 Paper

Centering steep aspheric surfaces

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 10448, 104481G (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2279770

KEYWORDS: Aspheric lenses, Aspheric optics, Microscopes, Monochromatic aberrations, Spherical lenses, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2017 Presentation + Paper

Optical alignment using a CGH and an autostigmatic microscope

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 10377, 103770B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273033

KEYWORDS: Computer generated holography, Microscopes, Optical alignment, Light, Optical spheres, Optical lithography, Kinematics

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

The structure function as a metric for roughness and figure

Robert Parks, Michael Tuell

Proceedings Volume 9951, 99510J (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238600

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Optical design, Optics manufacturing, Error analysis, Astronomy, Wavefronts, Standards development, Mirrors, Telescopes, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2014 Paper

Optical metrology at the Optical Sciences Center: an historical review

Katherine Creath, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 9186, 91860T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2064376

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Interferometers, Holograms, Interferometry, Optical testing, Aspheric lenses, Beam splitters, Fringe analysis, Optical metrology, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2014 Paper

Dual-interferometer for measuring molded lens tilt and decenter

Robert Parks, William Kuhn

Proceedings Volume 9195, 91950E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2064746

KEYWORDS: Objectives, Interferometers, Monochromatic aberrations, Aspheric lenses, Spherical lenses, Optical spheres, Optics manufacturing, Light sources, Plastic lenses, Metrology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 December 2013

Aspheric and freeform surfaces metrology with software configurable optical test system: a computerized reverse Hartmann test

Peng Su, Manal Khreishi, Tianquan Su, Run Huang, Margaret Dominguez, Alejandro Maldonado, Guillaume Butel, Yuhao Wang, Robert Parks, James Burge

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 03, 031305, (December 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.3.031305

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Mirrors, Calibration, Aspheric lenses, Optical testing, Interferometry, Freeform optics, Metrology, Deflectometry, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2013 Paper

Use of the surface PSD and incident angle adjustments to investigate near specular scatter from smooth surfaces

Kashmira Tayabaly, John Stover, Robert Parks, Matthew Dubin, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8838, 883805 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024612

KEYWORDS: Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Scatter measurement, Mirrors, Zerodur, Silicon, Geometrical optics, Profilometers, Semiconducting wafers, Light scattering, Fourier transforms

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 November 2012

Precision focal-length measurement using imaging conjugates

Lin-Yao Liao, Bráulio Fonseca Carneiro de Albuquerque, Robert Parks, José Sasián

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 11, 113604, (November 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.11.113604

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Precision measurement, Error analysis, Objectives, Distance measurement, Collimation, Light sources, Mirrors, CCD image sensors, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2012 Paper

Practical alignment using an autostigmatic microscope

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 8491, 84910H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.940765

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Reticles, Mirrors, Optical alignment, Spherical lenses, Telescopes, Synchrotrons, Optical design, Collimation, Lenses

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2012 Paper

SCOTS: a reverse Hartmann test with high dynamic range for Giant Magellan Telescope primary mirror segments

Peng Su, Shanshan Wang, Manal Khreishi, Yuhao Wang, Tianquan Su, Ping Zhou, Robert Parks, Kevin Law, Mario Rascon, Tom Zobrist, Hubert Martin, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8450, 84500W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926719

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Interferometry, Cameras, Optical spheres, Calibration, Optical testing, Surface finishing, Telescopes, Reflection, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2012 Paper

SCOTS: a useful tool for specifying and testing optics in slope space

Margaret Dominguez, John Armstrong, Peng Su, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8493, 84931D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.931112

KEYWORDS: Optical testing, Wavefronts, Mirrors, Lenses, X-ray optics, Optics manufacturing, Interferometry, Wavefront sensors, LCDs, Zemax

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 July 2012

Swing arm optical coordinate-measuring machine: high precision measuring ground aspheric surfaces using a laser triangulation probe

Yuhao Wang, Peng Su, Robert Parks, Chang Jin Oh, James Burge

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 7, 073603, (July 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.7.073603

KEYWORDS: Sensors, System on a chip, Calibration, Surface finishing, Aspheric lenses, Mirrors, Interferometry, Distance measurement, Polishing, Sensor calibration

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 April 2012

Swing-arm optical coordinate measuring machine: modal estimation of systematic errors from dual probe shear measurements

Peng Su, Robert Parks, Yuhao Wang, Chang Jin Oh, James Burge

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 4, 043604, (April 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.4.043604

KEYWORDS: Error analysis, System on a chip, Calibration, Interferometry, Aspheric lenses, Mirrors, Optical engineering, Sensors, Profilometers, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2011 Paper

Software configurable optical test system for refractive optics

Margaret Dominguez, Lirong Wang, Peng Su, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8011, 80116Q (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900879

KEYWORDS: LCDs, Wavefronts, Cameras, Spherical lenses, Optical testing, CCD cameras, Imaging systems, Deflectometry, Monochromatic aberrations, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2011 Paper

New approach for pre-polish grinding with low subsurface damage

James Johnson, Dae Wook Kim, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8126, 81261E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893912

KEYWORDS: Abrasives, Surface finishing, Polishing, Diamond, Particles, Mirrors, Glasses, Optics manufacturing, Lightweight mirrors, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2011 Paper

Swing arm optical CMM: self calibration with dual probe shear test

Peng Su, Yuhao Wang, Chang Jin Oh, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8126, 81260W (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.894203

KEYWORDS: System on a chip, Calibration, Aspheric lenses, Interferometry, Mirrors, Error analysis, Wavefronts, Profilometers, Optical testing, Optical calibration

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2011 Paper

MicroFinish Topographer: surface finish metrology for large and small optics

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 8126, 81260D (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.892283

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Surface finishing, Surface roughness, Metrology, Mirrors, Optical design, Vibration isolation, Interferometers, Ferroelectric materials, Light sources

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2011 Paper

Scanning Long-wave Optical Test System: a new ground optical surface slope test system

Tianquan Su, Won Hyun Park, Robert Parks, Peng Su, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8126, 81260E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.892666

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Mirrors, Optical testing, Sensors, Surface finishing, Long wavelength infrared, Optical scanning systems, Thermography, Specular reflections, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2011 Paper

Strength of glass from Hertzian line contact

Wenrui Cai, Brian Cuerden, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8125, 81250E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893583

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Metals, Contact lenses, Polishing, Finite element methods, Surface finishing, Aluminum, Failure analysis, Interfaces, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 2011 Paper

Using the Point Source Microscope (PSM) to find conjugates of parabolic and elliptical off-axis mirrors

Robert Parks, Michael Borden

Proceedings Volume 8131, 81310A (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.894333

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Microscopes, Off axis mirrors, Distance measurement, Image segmentation, Aspheric lenses, Optical alignment, Optics manufacturing, Polishing, Laser range finders

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Proceedings Article | 27 May 2011 Paper

Software configurable optical test system for refractive optics

Margaret Dominguez, Lirong Wang, Peng Su, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 8082, 80823H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.890026

KEYWORDS: LCDs, Wavefronts, Cameras, Spherical lenses, Optical testing, CCD cameras, Imaging systems, Deflectometry, Monochromatic aberrations, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2010 Paper

A low-cost, flexible, high dynamic range test for free-form illumination optics

Lirong Wang, Peng Su, Robert Parks, Roger Angel, Jose Sasian, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 7652, 76521H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873980

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Mirrors, Reflectors, Solar concentrators, Headlamps, Optical testing, Aspheric optics, Zemax, High dynamic range imaging, Aspheric lenses

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Proceedings Article | 21 August 2010 Paper

Conjugate selection for precision lens centering

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 7793, 779304 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859087

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Lens design, Eye, Reflection, Optical alignment, Tolerancing, Mirrors, Geometrical optics, Glasses, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 10 September 2009 Paper

Optomechanical engineering education at University of Arizona

James Burge, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 7424, 742402 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828500

KEYWORDS: Optomechanical design, Optical engineering, Mechanical engineering, Optical testing, Active optics, Geometrical optics, Optical design, Radio optics, Tolerancing, Communication engineering

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2009 Paper

Swing-arm optical CMM for aspherics

Peng Su, Chang Jin Oh, Robert Parks, James Burge

Proceedings Volume 7426, 74260J (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.828493

KEYWORDS: System on a chip, Mirrors, Interferometry, Calibration, Aspheric lenses, Profilometers, Optical testing, Computer programming, Aspheric optics, In situ metrology

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2008 Paper

Specifications: figure and finish are not enough

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 7071, 70710B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.798223

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Microscopes, Mirrors, Geometrical optics, Interferometry, Diffraction, Polishing, Standards development, Optical components, Autocollimation

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Proceedings Article | 2 September 2008 Paper

Line of sight methods of alignment

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 7068, 70680B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.796911

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, Microscopes, Telescopes, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Video, Optical components, Cameras, Reflection, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2007 Paper

Lens centering using the Point Source Microscope

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 6676, 667603 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.726837

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Optical components, Objectives, Tolerancing, Relays, Chemical elements, Sensors, Optics manufacturing, Light, Refraction

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Proceedings Article | 5 September 2006 Paper

Versatile autostigmatic microscope

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 6289, 62890J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.682100

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Objectives, Aspheric lenses, Autocollimators, Spindles, Surface finishing, Reflection, Optical alignment, Spherical lenses, Semiconductor lasers

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2006 Paper

Alignment of optical systems

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 6342, 634204 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.692190

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Optical alignment, Microscopes, Monochromatic aberrations, Telescopes, Off axis mirrors, Adaptive optics, Objectives, Spectroscopy, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2005 Paper

Optical alignment using the Point Source Microscope

Robert Parks, William Kuhn

Proceedings Volume 5877, 58770B (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.618165

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Prisms, Optical alignment, Mirrors, Microscopes, Objectives, Relays, Tolerancing, Projection systems, Space telescopes

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 August 2003

Silicon wafer thickness variation measurements using the National Institute of Standards and Technology infrared interferometer

Tony Schmitz, Angela Davies, Chris Evans, Robert Parks

OE, Vol. 42, Issue 08, (August 2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1589757

KEYWORDS: Semiconducting wafers, Silicon, Interferometers, Collimators, Reflection, Wavefronts, Infrared technology, Collimation, Optical engineering, Standards development

Proceedings Article | 22 August 2001 Paper

Interferometric testing of photomask substrate flatness

Christopher Evans, Robert Parks, Lianzhen Shao, Tony Schmitz, Angela Davies

Proceedings Volume 4344, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436725

KEYWORDS: Photomasks, Optical spheres, Interferometers, Reflection, Interferometry, Reflectivity, Wavefronts, Visibility, Spherical lenses, Extreme ultraviolet lithography

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Proceedings Article | 22 August 2001 Paper

Haidinger interferometer for silicon wafer TTV measurement

Robert Parks, Lianzhen Shao, Angela Davies, Christopher Evans

Proceedings Volume 4344, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.436775

KEYWORDS: Semiconducting wafers, Silicon, Interferometers, Wavefronts, Wafer-level optics, Optical spheres, Sensors, Semiconductor lasers, Phase shifting, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2001 Paper

Interferometric figure metrology: enabling in-house traceability

Christopher Evans, Angela Davies, Tony Schmitz, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 4450, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431256

KEYWORDS: Optical testing, Wavefronts, Interferometers, Metrology, Calibration, Optics manufacturing, Semiconducting wafers, Uncertainty analysis, Interferometry, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 25 August 1998 Paper

Novel kinematic equatorial primary mirror mount

Robert Parks, R. Kent Honeycutt

Proceedings Volume 3352, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.319298

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Kinematics, Telescopes, Mirror mounts, Space telescopes, Optical instrument design, Optical mounts, Mirror pointing, Large telescopes, National Ignition Facility

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1997 Paper

Measurements of the LIGO Pathfinder optics

Robert Parks, Christopher Evans, Paul Sullivan, Lianzhen Shao, Bryan Loucks

Proceedings Volume 3134, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.295122

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Interferometers, LIGO, Optical testing, Monochromatic aberrations, Wavefronts, Safety, Error analysis, Computer programming, Zernike polynomials

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1997 Paper

Applications of the rapidly renewable lap

Robert Parks, Christopher Evans, David Roderick, John Dagata

Proceedings Volume 3134, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.295130

KEYWORDS: Polishing, Diamond, Surface finishing, Silicon, Silicon carbide, Glasses, Silicon films, Foam, Aluminum, Iron

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Proceedings Article | 19 August 1996 Paper

Stitching of equatorial profiles for extended spatial range assessment

Paul Sullivan, Robert Parks, Lianzhen Shao

Proceedings Volume 2775, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.246795

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Interferometry, Optical testing, Interferometers, Data centers, Glasses, Polishing, Zerodur, Wavefronts, Spherical lenses

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 1995 Paper

Rapidly renewable polishing lap

Christopher Evans, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 2536, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.218429

KEYWORDS: Polishing, Foam, Diamond, Ceramics, Polymers, Polymer thin films, Surface finishing, Abrasives, Sapphire, Aluminum

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 1994

Fabrication of infrared optics

Robert Parks

OE, Vol. 33, Issue 03, (March 1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.163406

KEYWORDS: Polishing, Surface finishing, Glasses, Diamond, Aspheric lenses, Single point diamond turning, Crystals, Infrared materials, Diamond turning, Optical fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 1994 Paper

First Chinese machine for computer-controlled polishing

Qiming Xin, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1994, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.167973

KEYWORDS: Polishing, Surface finishing, Head, Computing systems, Polishing equipment, Spherical lenses, Interferometers, Control systems design, Switches, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 1994 Paper

Three-dimensional optical profiler using Nomarski interferometry

Hong Gao, Qiming Xin, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1994, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.167964

KEYWORDS: Microscopes, Interferometry, Digital image correlation, Surface roughness, Phase shifts, 3D metrology, Data integration, Phase shifting, Sensors, Vibration isolation

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 1994 Paper

Thermal response of a lightweight gas-fusion mirror blank

Robert Parks, David Anderson

Proceedings Volume 1994, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.167971

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Lightweight mirrors, Zernike polynomials, Interferometers, Thermography, Ions, Interferometry, Resistors, Geometrical optics, Solids

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Proceedings Article | 1 February 1994 Paper

Aspheric surface testing by a phase-shifting shearing interferometer

Hong Gao, Qiming Xin, Kaixiang Huang, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1994, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.167963

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Aspheric lenses, Interferometry, Shearing interferometers, Phase shifts, Spherical lenses, Interferometers, Polarization, Video, Phase interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 1993 Paper

Status of bidirectional reflectance distribution function calibration standards development

Clara Asmail, Jack Fuller, Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1993, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.164985

KEYWORDS: Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Standards development, Surface finishing, Calibration, Polishing, Glasses, Scattering, Light scattering, Transmittance, Information operations

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 1993 Paper

ISO environmental testing and reliability standards for optics

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1993, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.164984

KEYWORDS: Standards development, Optical components, Climatology, Environmental sensing, Pollution control, Optical testing, Reliability, Cameras, Temperature metrology, Humidity

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 1993 Open Access

Book Review: Fabrication Methods for Precision Optics. By Hank H. Karow

Robert Parks

OE, Vol. 32, Issue 10, (October 1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.32.10.bkrvw1

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Proceedings Article | 28 December 1992 Paper

Influence of international standards on optomechanical design

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 10265, 102650D (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.61110

KEYWORDS: Optomechanical design, Standards development, Optical design

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Proceedings Article | 15 December 1992 Paper

Absolute testing of flats using four data sets

Lianzhen Shao, Robert Parks, Chiayu Ai

Proceedings Volume 1776, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.139231

KEYWORDS: Calibration, UV optics, Spatial frequencies, Metrology, Optical calibration, Interferometry, Logic, Data centers, Roads, Ultraviolet radiation

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 1992 Paper

Competitiveness and international standardization

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1617, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58923

KEYWORDS: Standards development, Manufacturing, Telescopes, Optics manufacturing, Diffraction, Logic, Optical coatings, Wavefronts, Visualization, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 1 January 1991 Paper

Status and importance of optical standards

Robert Parks

Proceedings Volume 1346, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.23334

KEYWORDS: Standards development, Optics manufacturing, Ocean optics, Optical design, Optical testing, Optical components, Electronics, High speed photography, Velocimetry, Design for manufacturability

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1990 Paper

Three-dimensional contouring on a numerically controlled grinder

Dean Ketelsen, W. Kittrell, Robert Parks, Lianzhen Shao

Proceedings Volume 1333, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.22794

KEYWORDS: Optics manufacturing, Metrology, Surface finishing, Aspheric lenses, Monochromatic aberrations, Optical testing, Error analysis, Glasses, Spherical lenses, Reflectors

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 1990 Paper

Engineering with lightweight mirrors

Robert Parks, Richard Wortley, James Cannon

Proceedings Volume 1236, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.19243

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Lightweight mirrors, Solids, Glasses, Optical telescopes, Telescopes, Manufacturing, Polishing, Ceramics, Borosilicate glass

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Showing 5 of 70 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (4)

SPIE Conference Volume | 5 August 1998

Current Developments in Optical Elements and Manufacturing

SPIE Conference Volume | 7 December 1993

Quality and Reliability for Optical Systems

SPIE Conference Volume | 26 March 1992

Large Optics II

SPIE Conference Volume | 29 January 1989

Advances in Fabrication and Metrology for Optics and Large Optics

Conference Committee Involvement (33)

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XVI

3 August 2025 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing 2024

20 August 2024 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XV

18 August 2024 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing XIV

22 August 2022 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XIV

21 August 2022 | San Diego, California, United States

Optomechanics and Optical Alignment

1 August 2021 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XIII

24 August 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing XIII

24 August 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Optical Modeling and System Alignment

12 August 2019 | San Diego, California, United States

Interferometry XIX

21 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing XII

20 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XII

19 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification XI

6 August 2017 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification X

28 August 2016 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing XI

9 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification IX

9 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification VIII

17 August 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing X

26 August 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification VII

25 August 2013 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification VI

12 August 2012 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing IX

22 August 2011 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification V

21 August 2011 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification IV

1 August 2010 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing VIII

4 August 2009 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification III

2 August 2009 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing II

10 August 2008 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical Manufacturing and Testing VII

28 August 2007 | San Diego, California, United States

Optical System Alignment and Tolerancing

26 August 2007 | San Diego, California, United States

Current Developments in Optical Elements and Manufacturing

16 September 1998 | Beijing, China

Optical Instrumentation and Systems Design

12 May 1996 | Glasgow, United Kingdom

Quality and Reliability for Optical Systems

11 July 1993 | San Diego, CA, United States

Large Optics II

8 October 1991 | Rochester, NY, United States

Advances in Fabrication and Metrology for Optics and Large Optics

15 August 1988 | San Diego, CA, United States

Showing 5 of 33 Conference Committees

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