Pulmonary vessel segmentation from CT images is essential to diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases, particularly in treatment planning and clinical outcome evaluation. The main challenge for pulmonary vessel segmentation is complicated structures of the vascular trees and their similar intensity values with other tissues like the tracheal wall and lung nodules. This paper presents a novel relation extractor U-shaped network combining convolution and self-attention mechanism in an encoder-decoder mode. Particularly, we employ convolution in the shallow layers to extract local information of vessels in a short range and apply self-attention in the deep layers to capture long-range contextual relationship between ancestors and descendants of the vascular tree. We evaluate our proposed method on 50 computer tomography volumes, with the experimental results showing that our method can improve the average coefficient dice and recall to 85.60 and 86.04 respectively.
To deal with multitask segmentation, detection and classification of colon polyps, and solve the clinical problems of small polyps with similar background, missed detection and difficult classification, we have realized the method of supporting the early diagnosis and correct treatment of gastrointestinal endoscopy on the computer. We apply the residual U-structure network with image processing to segment polyps, and a Dynamic Attention Deconvolutional Single Shot Detector (DAD-SSD) to classify various polyps on colonic narrow-band images. The residual U-structure network is a two-level nested U-structure that is able to capture more contextual information, and the image processing improves the segmentation problem. DAD-SSD consists of Attention Deconvolutional Module (ADM) and Dynamic Convolutional Prediction Module (DCPM) to extract and fuse context features. We evaluated narrow-band images, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the method in dealing with such multi-task detection and classification. Particularly, the mean average precision (mAP) and accuracy are superior to other methods in our experiment, which are 76.55% and 74.4% respectively.
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